Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SBVAC '19 > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Week1

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Anatomy: the study of the structure of the body and its
parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

Physiology: the way a living organism or body part functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Homeostasis

A

Homeostasis: maintaining a constant internal system
regardless of external conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the normal anatomical position?

A

Normal anatomical
position: a reference point
for all anatomical terms
● Standing
● Facing forward
● Arms at side
● Palms facing up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 5 anatomical planes?

A

● Transverse: divides the
body into top and
bottom
● Coronal / Frontal:
divides the body into
front and back
● Sagittal: divides the
body into L and R
● Mid-axillary
● Mid-clavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Transverse: divides the
body into top and
bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Coronal/Frontal plane

A

Coronal / Frontal:
divides the body into
front and back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Sagittal: divides the
body into L and R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 anatomical positions?

A

Supine: lying on spine, face up
Prone: lying flat on chest, face down
Left/Right Lateral Recumbent: lying on
their side
“Recovery position”: Left Lateral
Recumbent, lying on their left side
Trendelenburg (“shock position”) :
Supine w/ legs elevated 6-12” above the
head
Left/Right: always from the patient’s
perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 anatomical seated positions?

A

Fowlers: Seated Upright at 90°

Semi-Fowlers: Seated at 45°

Tripoding: seated, leaning
forward with knees and
elbows out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Fowlers position?

A

Seated at 90 degrees upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Semi-Fowlers position?

A

Seated at 45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the tripoding position

A

Tripoding: seated, leaning
forward with knees and
elbows out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Superior

A

Closer to the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Anterior/ventral

A

Towards the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define medial

A

close to the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Proximal

A

closer to the core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define superficial

A

Towards the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define inferior

A

closer to the feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define posterior/dorsal

A

Towards the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Lateral

A

Farther from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define distal

A

farther from the core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define deep

A

Farher than the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define Flexion

A

Bending the join, reducing angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define extension

A

straightening joint, increasing angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define Abduction

A

moving away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define Adduction

A

moving towards the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the Thoracic Cavity?

A

Thoracic: lungs, trachea heart, great
vessels
● Divided by diaphragm from
abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which organs are in the Right Upper quad?

A

RU: liver, gallbladder, stomach,
pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What organs are in the Left Upper quad?

A

LU: spleen, most of stomach,
pancreas

31
Q

What organ is in the Right Lower quad?

A

Appendix

32
Q

What organs are in the Left Lower quad?

A

LL: small/large intestine *which
is in all other quadrants*

33
Q

What organs are in the Retroperitoneal Cavity?

A

Retroperitoneal: kidneys,
descending aorta, inferior vena cava

34
Q

What organs are in the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic: reproductive organs, bladder

35
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Functions:
Support and Structure
Protection
Movement
Production of red blood cells (RBC)
Mineral Storage

36
Q

What are the differences between Tendons and Ligaments

A

● Ligaments: connect bone to bone
● Tendons: connect muscle to bone

37
Q

Which bones are in the Axial skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton: bones of head and trunk

38
Q

Which bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

● Appendicular skeleton: bones of appendages

39
Q

What are the 4 parts of the skull?

A

● Cranial bones: Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal (“FPOT”)
● Maxilla: upper jaw bone
● Mandible: lower jaw bone
● Zygomatic: cheekbone

40
Q

What is the Foramen Magnum

A

Foramen magnum: opening at base of skull where the brain connects to
spinal cord

41
Q

What are the 4 (or 5) sections of the spinal column?

A

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5) , Sacrum (5), Coccyx (4)

C1, C2 - Atlas and axis respectively. They
support and allow movement of skull
C3,4,5 - Vertebrae which protect the
phrenic nerve and “keep the diaphragm
alive”.

42
Q

What are the 3 sections of ribs in the ribcage?

A

● True ribs: 1-7
○ connect directly to the sternum via
costal cartilage
● False Ribs: 8-10
○ connect indirectly to sternum
through 7th rib by cartilage

● Floating Ribs: 11-12
○ do not connect to sternum, only
wrap halfway

43
Q

What are the 3 components of the shoulder?

A

Shoulder:
● Clavicle
● Scapula (shoulder blade)
● Humerus

44
Q

What are the 3 components of the arm?

A

● Humerus
● Radius (lateral) /Ulna
(medial)

45
Q

What are the 3 main components of the hand?

A

Hand:
● Carpals
● Metacarpals
● Phalanges

46
Q

What are the 3 components of the pelvis?

A

Pelvic Bones (fused)
⋆ Illium
⋆ Ischium
⋆ Pubis

47
Q

What are the 3 components of the leg bones?

A

Leg bones:
● Femur
● Patella
● Tibia (anterior) / Fibula
(lateral)

48
Q

What are the 3 components of the foot?

A

● Tarsals
● Metatarsals
● Phalanges

49
Q

General diagram of important bones

A

see image

50
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

⋆ Function:
⋆ Form and posture
⋆ Movement
⋆ Warmth

51
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

⋆ Skeletal: striated, voluntary
⋆ Attached to skeleton
⋆ Cardiac: striated, involuntary
⋆ Within the walls of the heart
⋆ Smooth: involuntary
⋆ In walls of blood vessels and
hollow organs, ie. sphincters,
vasoconstriction/dilation

52
Q

What is the function of the Respiratory system?

A

Function:
⋆ Filter, warm, humidify and distribute air
⋆ Allows for exchange of CO2 and O2

53
Q

What are the parts of the upper airway?

A

Upper Airway
⋆ Oro/nasopharynx
⋆ Pharynx
⋆ Epiglottis
⋆ Larynx

54
Q

What are the parts of the lower airways?

A

Lower Airway
⋆ Trachea
⋆ Bronchi
⋆ Bronchioles
⋆ Alveoli
⋆ Capillaries

55
Q

What is the function of the Cardiovascular system?

A

⋆ Distributing blood throughout body
⋆ Transporting gas, nutrients, hormones and
waste

56
Q

Summarize the pathway of blood through the heart

A

● Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
● R Atrium
● Tricuspid Valve
● R Ventricle
● Pulmonary Valve
● Pulmonary Artery
● Lungs
● Pulmonary Vein
● L atrium
● Mitral / Bicuspid Valve
● L Ventricle
● Aortic Valve
● Aorta (to systemic circulation)

57
Q

What is the pathway of blood through the body?

A

● Heart (aorta)
● Arteries
● Arterioles
● Capillaries
● Venules
● Veins
● Heart (vena cavae)

58
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries: Carry blood away from
the heart, thick muscular walls,
operate at a higher pressure
Veins: Carry blood towards the
heart, less muscular walls, operate
a lower pressure, contain valves to
prevent backflow
Capillaries: delivers blood to/from
tissues/cells, thin walls, 1 cell thick

59
Q

Where are the 6 types of pulses?

A

⋆ Carotid
⋆ Radial
⋆ Brachial
⋆ Femoral
⋆ Posterior Tibialis
⋆ Dorsalis Pedis

60
Q

Whats the difference between Systolic and Diastolic BP?

A

Systolic: The pressure against
the walls of the arteries as the
left ventricle contracts (top #)

Diastolic: The pressure against
the walls of the arteries as the
left ventricle is relaxed (bottom #)

61
Q

What is the function of the Digestive system?

A

Functions:
⋆ Ingest food/water
⋆ Digest food
⋆ Absorb nutrient
⋆ Eliminate waste

62
Q

What is the pathway of food through the digestive system?

A

● Mouth
● Pharynx
● Epiglottis
● Esophagus
● Stomach
● Small Intestine
● Large Intestine
● Rectum
● Anus

63
Q

What are the 3 accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

⋆ Liver:
⋆ produce bile, lipoproteins
for cholesterol
⋆ Metabolizes food
⋆ Detoxifies blood
⋆ Stores vitamins/nutrients
⋆ Gallbladder: store bile,
secrete it into small
intestine
⋆ Pancreas: produce
enzymes, secrete hormones

64
Q

What is the function of the Integumentary system?

A

Functions:
⋆ Barrier to protect body from
damage/ disease
⋆ Thermoregulation
⋆ Retain bodily fluids and eliminate
wastes.

65
Q

What are the 3 main components of the integumentary system?

A

Consists of skin, its appendages (i.e. hair,
nails)
⋆ Layers of the skin:
⋆ Epidermis: outer layer, functions as
a barrier
⋆ Dermis: middle layer, contains
blood vessels, nerve endings, hair
follicles, sweat and sebaceous
glands
⋆ Subcutaneous: deepest layer,
contains blood vessels, fat for
insulation

66
Q

What is the function of the Nervous system?

A

Function:
⋆ Controlling the body, whether
voluntary or involuntary
⋆ Allowing parts of the body to
communicate with each other
⋆ Receiving sensory information,
providing motor responses

67
Q

What are the 2 types of nervous systems?

A

⋆ Central Nervous
System:
⋆ Brain, spinal cord
⋆ Peripheral Nervous
System:
⋆ Sensory (afferent)
nerves
⋆ Motor (efferent)
nerves

68
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

Functions:
⋆ Secrete regulatory
hormones into bloodstream
⋆ Affects mood, growth,
development, metabolism,
sexual function, sleep, etc…

69
Q

What are the two components of the endocrine system?

A

⋆ Hormone: chemical messengers that act on a particular organ(s)
to stimulate a response
⋆ Gland: a group of cells that produce and secrete hormones

⋆ Hypothalamus: satiety, metabolism, body temp, growth
⋆ Pituitary: “master gland”, makes hormones that control other glands
⋆ Thyroid: metabolism
⋆ Parathyroid: blood calcium levels
⋆ Adrenal: salt/water balance, stress response, metabolism, immune system,
sexual development
⋆ Pineal: sleep
⋆ Reproductive (ovaries & testes): sexual development
⋆ Pancreas: blood glucose levels

70
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system?

A

Functions:
⋆ Produce gametes (eggs in females,
sperm in males)
⋆ For females, protects and nourishes
fetus until birth

71
Q

What is the function of the Urinary System?

A

Functions:
⋆ Controls fluids, electrolytes
balance in body
⋆ Filter and eliminates waste

72
Q

What are the 4 components of the urinary system?

A

⋆ Kidneys: retroperitoneal; filter blood,
removes wastes, maintain electrolyte
and fluid balance, generates urine
⋆ Ureters: carry urine from kidney to
bladder
⋆ Bladder: can hold up to ~700 mls of
urine
⋆ Urethra: carries urine from bladder to
outside body

73
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

Functions:
⋆ Filter foreign/waste
materials, fight infection

74
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

Network of lymphatic vessels that filters
blood and produces antibodies
Spleen, thymus, bone marrow: produce
lymphocytes (white blood cell)
Lymph: fluid containing lymphocytes,
waste products
Lymph nodes: small tissue masses along
lymphatic vessels that house
lymphocytes, may swell during infection

SBVAC '19 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions