Anatomy and Pathology Flashcards
Bump in the back of head
Occiput
Where is CSF made?
In the choroid plexus located in the floor of the 3rd and 4th ventricle
Subdural Hematoma
Venous bleed caused by ruptured veins between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
Caused by blow to frontal or occipital bone
Glioma-Astrocytoma
Most common brain tumour
Usually near outside of brain
compromises the blood brain barrier
Metastatic Carcinoma
Brain tumour that has metastasized from a primary tumour
Cerebrovascular Accident
Acute Ischemic Stroke: caused by loss of blood supply to a localized portion of the brain
Hemorrhagic Stroke: ruptured blood vessel in the brain
Body Planes
Sagittal
Transverse
Coronal
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack: temp loss of neurologic functions that resolves within 24hrs
Usually happens before stroke
Meninges
Pia Mater: inner
Arachnoid Mater: middle
Dura Mater: outer
Cerebral Contusion
Bruising of the brain caused by blunt trauma
Lobes of the Brain
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Membranes: Mediastinum
Parietal Pericardium: lines the mediastinum
Visceral Pericardium: lines the heart
Spina Bifida
Incomplete closure of the vertebral column
- Spina Bifida Occulta: fused, but there is a small opening-no visible abnormalities or mental deficits
- Spina Bifida Meningocele: meninges sticking out
- Spina Bifida Myelocele: spinal cord and meninges sticking out VERY SERIOUS
Membranes: Abdominopelvic Cavity
Parietal Peritoneum: lines the peritoneal cavity
Visceral Peritoneum: lines the organs
Types of Membranes
Epithelial: serous, mucous, cutaneous
Connective tissue membranes
Types of Connective Tissue
Areolar Adipose Tendons Blood and hematopoietic tissue Bone and Cartilage
Atriovenous Malformation
Abnormal communication between an artery and a vein, appears as a mass entanglement of vessels
Types of Muscular Tissue
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Spinal Tap
Needle in the subarachnoid space, also called “lumbar puncture”
Hydrocephalus and it’s types
-accumulation of CSF in the ventricles in the brain
Communicating: overproduction of CSF or can’t absorb
Non-Communicating: blockage
Epidural Hematoma
Acute arterial bleed between the dura mater and the inner skull
Appears as a lense shape
Fluids
Intracellular: in the cell
Interstitial: between the cells
Extracellular: interstitial and plasma
Subarachnoid Hematoma
Venous bleed into the ventricular system
Epidural
Needle in the epidural space
Body Cavities
Dorsal: cranial cavity and spinal column
Ventral: thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
Herniated Disc
The nucleus pulposus protrudes from the annulus fibrosis due to trauma, aging, or degenerative disease
Types of Tissue
Epithelial: food and oxygen
Connective: structure and safety
Muscle: movement
Nervous: thinking and feeling
Membranes: Thoracic Cavity
Parietal Pleura: lines the thoracic cavity
Visceral Pleura: lines the lungs
Disease Classifications
Metabolic: throughout the body Genetic: from family Neoplastic: new formation of tissue Autoimmune: Trauma: accident Congenital: born with it
Hole for pituitary gland
Sella turcica
Parts of the brain stem (top to bottom)
Mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata
Concussion
Temporary loss of normal brain functions due to a blunt trauma
