Anatomy and Diseases of the Urinary System Flashcards
What is the main function of the urinary system?
To remove waste, regulate fluid levels, balance electrolytes, and control blood pressure.
What are the four main parts of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
What is the function of the kidneys?
To filter blood and produce urine by removing waste and excess substances.
What are nephrons?
Tiny filtering units in the kidneys that filter blood and form urine.
What does the glomerulus do?
Filters small molecules from blood while keeping larger ones like proteins.
What is the role of the tubule in a nephron?
Reabsorbs useful substances and directs waste into urine.
What do ureters do?
Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder using peristalsis.
What is the bladder’s function?
Stores urine until it is ready to be excreted.
What is the function of the urethra?
Carries urine out of the body.
What hormone helps regulate water balance in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
What are kidney stones?
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and may cause severe pain.
What is acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A sudden loss of kidney function due to factors like dehydration or infection.
What is glomerulonephritis?
Inflammation of glomeruli that affects kidney filtering ability.
What is lupus nephritis?
Kidney inflammation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus.
What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?
A genetic disorder where fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys.
What causes chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Long-term damage often due to diabetes or high blood pressure.
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
An infection of the urinary tract usually caused by bacteria like E. coli.
What is urinary incontinence?
The involuntary loss of urine due to various underlying conditions.
What is stress incontinence?
Urine leakage during physical activity due to weak pelvic muscles.
What is urge incontinence?
A sudden urge to urinate followed by involuntary leakage.
