Infectious Diseases - Key Terms Flashcards
Term
Definition
Outbreak
A sudden increase in cases of a disease in a specific area.
Endemic
A disease that is consistently present in a population but at predictable levels.
Epidemic
A disease outbreak that spreads rapidly within a community or region.
Pandemic
A global outbreak of an infectious disease.
Notifiable Diseases
Specific diseases that healthcare providers are legally required to report to public health authorities.
Communicable Diseases
Infectious diseases that can spread from person to person.
Reservoir
The natural habitat of a pathogen, such as humans, animals, water, soil, food, air, and dust.
Horizontal Transmission
The spread of disease from person to person through direct or indirect contact.
Vertical Transmission
The transfer of infection from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Nosocomial Infections
Hospital-acquired infections resulting from improper infection control practices.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Equipment such as gloves, masks, gowns, and goggles used to reduce exposure to pathogens.
Fomite
An inanimate object that can harbor infectious agents and contribute to disease spread.
