Anatomy and Development

Question 1

Anterior to Posterior

Answer 1

Vein, Artery, Ureter

Question 2

Sinus contains

Answer 2

pelvis, fat, nerves, artery, and vein

Question 3

Cortical Nephrons

Answer 3

Only dip into very superficial part of medulla

Question 4

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

Answer 4

Dip down into medulla near the papilla

Question 5

Hydropnephrosis

Answer 5

Accumulation of urine in kidney, can be congenital or obstructive
- dilation of calyces, pelvis, and ureter

Question 6

Trail of vessels in kidney

Answer 6

Renal Artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar artery –> arcuate artery –> interlobular artery –> afferent arteriole –> efferent arteriole –> interlobular vein –> arcuate vein –> interlobar vein –> renal vein

Question 7

Adult PCKD

Answer 7

HTN and worsening renal failure after 3rd decade of life

multiple cysts in all areas of parenchyma

Question 8

Location of kidneys on posterior wall

Answer 8

T11-T12

Question 9

Venous drainage from kidneys

Answer 9

R renal vein –> directly into IVC

L renal vein –> receives L gonadal vein –> IVC

Question 10

Respiratory epithelium and glands form from what tissue?

Answer 10

endoderm

Question 11

CT, cartilage, and smooth muscle of trachea

Answer 11

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 12

Tracehoesophageal folds

Answer 12

divides trachea and esophagus with septum

Question 13

Laryngeal cartilage

Answer 13

Neural crest cells

Question 14

Laryngeal muscles

Answer 14

myoblasts, innervated by vagus nerve

Question 15

Tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 15

abnormal communication between trachea and esophagus

can result in polyhydramnios

Question 16

Visceral pleura

Answer 16

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 17

Parietal pleura

Answer 17

somatic mesoderm

Question 18

Azygos lobe of lung

Answer 18

superior lobe of right lung grows medial to azygos vein instead of lateral

Question 19

Lung hypoplasia

Answer 19

can be from oligohydramnios

can be from congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> GI contents obliterates lung cavity

Question 20

Lung Development Stages

Answer 20

1. Pseudoglandular period (6-16 weeks) - ductal elements develop –> not compatible with life
2. Canalicular period (16-26 weeks) - respiratory passageways develop, vascularization occurs –> respiration possible
3. Terminal sac period (26-birth) - Type I pneumocytes form (squamous epithelium), Type II pneumocytes line alveoli and secrete surfactant

Question 21

Maternal glucocorticoid treatment?

Answer 21

Enhances lung development and surfactant production

Question 22

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 22

deficiency in surfactant

protein-rich, fibrin-rich exudate

Question 23

Phrenic and vagus relationship to root of lung?

Answer 23

Phrenic –> anterior

Vagus –> posterior

Question 24

RALS

Answer 24

Right Pulmonary Artery –> Anterior to Bronchi

Left Pulmonary Artery –> Superior to Bronchi