Anatomy: Anatomy of the Limbs Flashcards
Name the deep fascia indicated by the arrow
Deltoid fascia
Where do the external iliac lymph nodes drain into?
Common iliac nodes to enter lumbar lymphatics
Which deep vein does the cephalic vein drain into?
Drains into axillary vein at the deltopectoral triangle
Name the arteries indicated by the arrow
Metacarpal + digital arteries
Which deep vein does the small saphenous vein drain into?
Drains deep within the popliteal fossa into the popliteal vein
Name the deep fascia indicated by the arrow
Antebrachial fascia
What is the Houseman’s vein?
Section of the cephalic vein on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm, often used for siting a cannula
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Ulnar vein
Name the veins indicated by the arrow
Superficial and deep palmar venous arches
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Brachial vein
From what network of veins does the cephalic vein arise?
Dorsal venous network
Name the arteries of the foot
Dorsalis pedis artery
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
Arcuate artery + deep plantar arch
Metatarsal + digital arteries
Name the deep fascia indicated by the arrow
Pectoral fascia
How does chronic venous insufficiency lead to venous ulceration?
Blood vessels become damaged due to increased venous pressure, the skin becomes dry and inflamed, skin cannot heal well due to poor blood supply so skin begins to break down
Name the deep fascia indicated by the arrow
Brachial fascia
What is the surface anatomy of the brachial pulse?
Medial to the biceps tedon in the cubital fossa
What is the surface anatomy of the radial pulse?
Lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Where do the majority of venous ulcers occur?
Gaiter area
What is the surface anatomy of the popliteal pulse?
In the popliteal fossa, immediately posterior to knee joint
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Fibular vein
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Internal jugular vein
What causes varicose veins?
Incompetent valves result in reverse flow into superficial veins, causing the veins to become weak and dilated
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow. Name the accompanying vein which is not visible on the image as it runs in the posterior leg
- Anterior tibial vein
- Posterior tibial vein
Name the structure indicated by the arrows
Iliotibial tract
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Axillary vein
Name the artery indicated by the arrow (not visible in picture - in the posterior leg)
Posterior tibial artery
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Brachial artery
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Deep femoral vein
Which deep vein does the great saphenous vein drain into?
Drains into the femoral vein immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament
Name the arteries indicated by the arrow
Perforators
Where does the brachial artery bifurcate into the radial and ulnar arteries?
In the cubital fossa
What is the surface anatomy of the posterior tibial pulse?
Between the posterior border of medial malleolus and the achiles tendon
Where do the deep lymphatics of the lower limb drain into?
Popliteal lymph nodes
What are the superficial veins?
Smaller, thinner veins that run in the superficial fascia and drain into deep veins by piercing deep fascia
Describe the pathways of the lymphatics of the upper and lower limbs
Superficial lymphatics generally follow the superficial veins, deep lymphatics generally follow the deep veins
From what network of veins does the basilic vein arise?
Dorsal venous network
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Deep brachial artery
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Subclavian vein
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Popliteal artery
Which deep vein does the basilic vein drain into?
Drains into the brachial vein at about mid-arm level
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
External iliac artery
What is the surface anatomy of the carotid pulse?
Anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
What are the deep veins?
Larger and thicker veins that run deep to deep fascia
Describe the pathway of superficial lymphatics that follow the basilic vein
Enter the cubital lymph nodes; vessels carrying on from these nodes continue up the arm to terminate in the lateral axillary lymph nodes
From what network of veins does the great saphenous vein arise?
Medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch
Where do the majority of arterial ulcers occur?
Foot
Describe the pathway of superficial lymphatics that follow the great saphenous vein
Pass to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, and then to either the external iliac or deep inguinal lymph nodes
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Deep femoral artery
Where do the deep lymphatics of the upper limb drain into?
Lateral axillary lymph nodes
What is the median cubital vein?
Connection between the cephalic and basilic veins within the cubital fossa; often used in venopuncture
What is the surface anatomy of the dorsalis pedis pulse?
Medial to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus on the dorsum of the foot
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Popliteal vein
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Axillary artery
What is the superficial fascia?
Continuous layer of loose connective tissue and fat that connects the skin to underlying muscle or bone
Name the deep fascia indicated by the arrow
Crural fascia
Name the deep veins indicated by the arrow
Planter arch
Where do the superficial lymphatics of the upper limb arise from?
Lymphatic plexuses in the fingers and hand
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Anterior tibial artery
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Radial vein
Name the deep vein indicated by the arrow
Femoral vein
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Ulnar artery
Where do the axillary lymph nodes drain into?
Subclavian lymphatics
Define ischaemia
Inadequate oxygenation of cells/tissues/organ due to an interruption to blood supply - reduced arterial perfusion pressure or increased venous drainage pressure
Describe the pathway of superficial lymphatics that follow the cephalic vein
Mainly pass straight to the apical axillary nodes
From what network of veins does the small saphenous vein arise?
Lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch
What is the deep fascia?
Tough, dense connective tissue that covers most of the body deep to skin and superficial fasia
Divides the limbs into compartments
What is the surface anatomy of the axillary vein becoming the subclavian vein?
Lateral border of rib 1
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Radial artery
What is the surface anatomy of the femoral pulse?
Inferior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Subclavian artery
Name the arteries indicated by the arrow
Deep + superficial palmar arches
Name the deep fascia indicated by the arrows
Fascia lata
Name the artery indicated by the arrow
Femoral artery
