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PRINCIPLES REV > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the heart

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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2
Q

Epicardium

A

External layer

Visceral serous pericardium

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3
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer

Cardiac muscle

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Internal layer

Continuous with endothelium of blood vessels connecting with the heart

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5
Q

Which chamber forms the right heart border?

A

Right atrium

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6
Q

Which chamber forms the left border of the heart?

A

Left ventricle

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7
Q

Which chamber forms the posterior surface of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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8
Q

Which chamber forms most of the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

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9
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there?

A

4

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10
Q

Which cardiac valve is between RV and pulmonary trunk?

A

Pulmonary valve

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11
Q

Which valve is between LV+LA?

A

Mitral/ bicuspid valve

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12
Q

Which valve is between RA+RV?

A

Tricuspid valve

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13
Q

Which valve is between LV+ aorta?

A

Aortic valve

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14
Q

Composition of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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15
Q

What is the tunica intima made of?

A

Endothelium

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16
Q

What is the tunica media made of?

A

Smooth muscle and elastic fibres

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17
Q

What is the tunica adventitia made of?

A

Connective tissue

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18
Q

If an artery has common or trunk in the name, what dies this mean?

A

It will definitely divide again

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19
Q

Anastomosis

A

Where arteries connect without an intervening capillary network

Provides alternate route for blood to supply cells distal to an arterial occlusion

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20
Q

An anastomosis of the brain

A

Circle of Willis

Helps prevent CVA

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21
Q

Collateral

A

Each alternate route in a given anastomosis

Disadvantage: collateral bleeds from both sides of the cut

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22
Q

End artery

A

Only arterial supply to an are (no collaterals)

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23
Q

Branches of the arch of the aorta

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery

24
Q

Upper limb blood supply

A

Subclavian artery-> axillary artery-> brachial artery-> radial and ulnar arteries

25
Q

Branches to supply abdominal organs

A

Abdominal aorta-> common iliac arteries-> external and internal iliac arteries

26
Q

Where does the external iliac artery supply?

A

Lower limbs

27
Q

Where does the internal iliac artery supply?

A

Pelvis/ perineum

28
Q

Where is the carotid pulse found?

A

At bifurcation of common carotid artery

29
Q

Veins are pulsatile and low pressure. T/F?

A

False

Veins are non pulsatile and low pressure

Arteries are pulsatile and high pressure

30
Q

2 main venous systems in the body?

A

Hepatic portal venous system

Systemic venous system

31
Q

Role of hepatic venous system

A

Drains venous blood from absorptive parts of GIT and associated organs to liver for cleaning

32
Q

Role of systemic venous system

A

Drains venous blood from all other organs and tissue into SVC/ IVC

33
Q

Where is lymph eventually returned to?

A

Central veins in root of the neck

34
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

A

Right venous angle

35
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

Left venous angle

36
Q

What is the only lymphatic vessel which can be seen in dissection?

A

Thoracic duct

37
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Bones of the skull, neck (including hyoid bone and cervical vertebrae), and trunk (chest, abdo and back)

38
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle and lower limbs

39
Q

Bone

A 
Hard connective tissue
Functions
- support and protect organs
- calcium metabolism
- RBC formation
- attachment for skeletal muscle
40
Q

Cartilage

A

Less rigid than bone

Located where mobility is needed at articulations

41
Q

What attaches muscle to the bone?

A

Tendons (non-contractile)

42
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Flat tendon

Attaches muscle to soft tissue

43
Q

Muscle paralysis

A

Muscle without functioning motor nerve
Cannot contract
Reduced muscle tone on Examination

44
Q

Muscle spasticity

A

Intact and functioning motor nerve
Descending controls from brain don’t work
Increased muscle tone on examination

45
Q

What type of cells are gametes?

A

Haploid cells

46
Q

Where are gametes produced?

A

Gonads (testes/ ovaries)

47
Q

Where is the pelvic cavity

A

Within the bony pelvis, between pelvic inlet and outlet

48
Q

What separates perineum and pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic floor (internal wall of skeletal muscle)

49
Q

What is the most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in an upright female?

A

Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

50
Q

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

In ampulla

51
Q

Where does implantation usually occur?

A

Body of the uterus

52
Q

Where do the testes originate from?

A

The posterior wall of the abdominal cavity

They descend into the scrotum, through the anterior abdo wall (inguinal canal)

53
Q

Vas deferens

A

Tube which seem passes from testes to the urethra

54
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubules

It then passes to rete testis then to the head of epididymis, which becomes the vas deferens

55
Q

What is found in the spermatic cord?

A

Vas deferens
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus

PRINCIPLES REV (8 decks)

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