Anatomy Flashcards
What structure produces the cerebrospinal fluid
Choroid plexus in ventricules
What is the pathway of cerebrospinal fluid?
Choroid plexus (lateral ventricules) –> caudal –> foraminae of 1 Magendie and 2 Luschka (4th ventricule) –> subarachnoid space
Where does the CSF flow in regards to the spinal chord?
outside only
Branchial arches
=pharyngeal arches There are 4 From Mesoderm Forms CN V, VII, IX, X Pattern controlled by Hox gene
Placodes
Ectoderm thickening
There is 1
Forms cranial nerve ganglia and cranial sense organs
What do somites form?
Sclerotome (vertebrae+ribs)
Myotome (skeletal muscles)
Dermatome (dermis)
Define somites
Located on each side of dorsal midline
Derived from mesoderm
Describe the spinal cord development
Moves rostrally during development
Fetus = extends to bottom of spinal column
Adult = ends at L1 /L2
Describe ANS formation
cells migrate from neural crest to form :
- dorsal root ganglion
- melanocytes
- branchial arch structures
- para-vertebral sympathetic ganglia
- pre-vertebal sympathetic ganglia
- parasympathetic plexus
Basal ganglia parts
caudate, putamen, globus pallidus (anatomy)
+ substancia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, thalamus (functions)
Leptomeninges
Pia and arachnoid matter
Where are the blood vessels contained in the meninges
subarachnoid space
Pachymeninges layers
- periosteal
- meningeal
epidural space
between skull and dura
subdural space
between dura and arachnoid (contains lots of veins)
Falx cerebri
Dural projection between the two cerebral hemisphere
Tentorium cerebelli
Dural projection covering the cerebellum
Sub-falcine/trans-tentorial herniation
Part of brain pushed under falx or down pasr tentorium
Cavernous sinus location
Between layers of dura next to sella turcica
Central sulcus
Rolandic fissure
Separates frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral sulcus
Sylvian fissure
Separates frontal and temporal lobes
Opercula
Parietal, temporal and frontal hidden fold in lateral fissure
Insula
Space in the lateral fissure
Primary motor cortex location
Frontal lobe gyrus immediately anterior the central fissure
Primary sensory cortex location
Parietal lobe gyrus immediately posterior to central fissure
Limbic lobe
Cingulate gyrus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Separates parietal and occipital loves
Easier to see on medial surface
CSF pathwa
- choroid plexus
- lateral ventricule
- intraventricular foramen of Monroe
- 3rd ventricule
- cerebral aqueduct of Megendi (midline) and Luschka (lateral)
- sub-arachnoid space
- arachnoid villi (venous sinuses)
CSF that has exited 4th ventricle will be absorbed in ?
dural venous sinus
granulations
whitish discoloration of arachnoid villi enabling CSF to go into dural venous sinus
Hydrocephalus
accumulation of CSF (blockage of reabsorption or flow obstruction)
CSF flows (direction)
caudally
Thalamus
Relay station for input to cerebral cortex (eg from cerebellum to cortex)
Caudate and Putamen
nuclei part of basal ganglia (motor activity)
Internal Capsule
Highways of axons in white matter (axons ascending to or from cerebral cortex)
Corpus Callosum
Highways of axons in white matter (axons passing between 2 cerebral hemisphere)
Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cingulate gyrus
part of limbic system (memory and emotion)
Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Homeostasis, sleep-wake cycle, autonomic & hormonal functions
Amygdala location
Anterior to hippocampus
