Anatomy

Question 1

What and where is the Liver

Answer 1

The largest organ in the body.

Located in the right hypochondriac and extending to the epigastrium.

Question 2

Blood flow in the heart

Answer 2

Blood comes through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium - tricsubid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta

Question 3

How many lobes are in the lungs

Answer 3

Right - 3
Left - 2
Superior middle and inferior

Question 4

The bronchial tree

Answer 4

Trachea 
Primary bronchi 
Secondary bronchi 
Tertiary bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Terminal bronchioles

Question 5

The pleural membranes of the lungs

Answer 5

Parietal pleura is the outer layer

Visceral pleura is the inner layer

Question 6

The alveoli

Answer 6

type 1 - Thin structures which allow for gas exchange from the blood into the lung and vice versa
type 2 - synthesize surfactants to reduce surface tension

Question 7

Salivary glands

Answer 7

Important accessory organ of digestion 
Role is to lubricate the tissue of the mouth and start the process if digestion:
Parotid glands 
Submandibular glands 
Sublingual glands

Question 8

Parts of the stomach

Answer 8

Cardiac sphincter 
Fundus 
Body
Antrum 
Pylorus

Question 9

Gastric layers are made up of?

Answer 9

Serosa
Muscularis externa
Submucosa
Mucosa
Lumen

Question 10

Biliary tree

Answer 10

Bile flow
Right hepatic duct, left hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct

Question 11

Where is the pancreas?

Answer 11

Lying posterior to the creater curvature of the stomach

Question 12

Describe diastole

Answer 12

Relaxation of the heart muscles. Ventricular or atrial relaxation

Question 13

Describe systole

Answer 13

Contraction of the muscle. Ventricular or atrial contraction

Question 14

How the right and left side of the heart brings blood

Answer 14

SVC brings deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation superior to the heart. IVC inferior to the heart. Pulmonary trunk exits right ventricle with deoxygenated blood.

Pulmonary veins carries oxygenated blood to pulmonary circulation. Aorta leaves heart and has high pressure taking blood to systemic circulation.

Question 15

The heart cycle

Answer 15

Ventricular contraction - atrial ventricular valves close (ventricular systole) - semi lunar valves remain closed - inc pressure in ventricles - semi lunar valves open - ventricles relax - pressure drops - back flow of blood closes semi lunar valves (ventricular diastole) - atrial ventricular valves remain closed- pressure in ventricles becomes lower than atria - atrial ventricular valves open - blood flows into relaxed ventricles - atria contracts to complete ventricular filling

Question 16

Lub dub sound

Answer 16

Lub - closing of atrioventricular valves

Dub - closing of the semi lunar valves

Question 17

4 processes of a nephron

Answer 17

Filtration - movement of fluid from blood into the lumen of the nephron
Excretion - anything filtered from the renal corpuscle is destined for excretion unless its reabsorbed
Reabsorption - movement of the filtrate from the lumen of the tubule back into the blood through peritubular capillaries
Secretion - removes selected molecules from the blood and adds them to the filtrate in the tubule lumen

Question 18

Urine equation

Answer 18

Urine = amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted

Question 19

Clearance equation

Answer 19

Urine conc x urine flow rate / plasma conc