Anatomy Flashcards
A DVT in the posterior tibial vein may progress proximally to involve which vein next?
External iliac vein
Pain on active flexion of the hip is most likely to be associated with which muscle?
Iliopsoas (chief hip flexor)
In a patient with anaesthesia in the first web space only, which part of the nervous system is most likely to be functioning abnormally?
Deep fibular nerve
Inability to extend the left wrist joint and parasesthesia of the skin of the posterior forearm and hand is most associated with which fracture pattern?
Midshaft fracture of the humerus (radial nerve)
A supracondylar fracture of the humerus is most likely to cause damage to which nerve and artery?
Median nerve and brachial artery
The ankle jerk (calcanea tendon) reflex specifically tests which named nerve/ spinal nerve roots?
Tibial nerve (S1/2)
A history of ‘ going over on the ankle’ and an obvious inversion injury is associated with damage to which ligament?
Anterior talofibular ligament
Sciatica is associated with what motor changes?
Decreased power of plantar flexion
Wasting of the hypothenar eminence and tingling in the little finger and ring finger are most associated with which nerve compression syndrome?
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Fractured left neck of fibula is associated with which clinical sign?
Foot drop
Patient also won’t be able to evert the foot
What nerve compression syndrome is typical in cyclists?
Cubital tunnel
due to the position of the hands on the handle bars
Tingling over the thumb, index and middle fingers are most associated with which nerve compression syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Where does the great (long) saphenous vein run in relation to the knee?
The great saphenous vein runs along the posteromedial aspect of the knee
How is phlebitis managed if it is localised to an area?
NSAIDs
What is phlebitis and how does it present?
Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein
It presents with an uncomfortable visible and palpable swelling which may be localised or more widespread
Which movements are easier/ less painful in spinal stenosis?
Spinal flexion is easier than extension
Walking uphill is easier than walking downhill
Sitting is easier than standing
Which sport/ activity makes spinal stenosis less painful?
Cycling
sitting down and flexion is easier for patients with spinal stenosis
Which is easier in patients with spinal stenosis, walking uphill or walking downhill?
Walking uphill the spine is flexed which relieves some pressure
A patient is lying prone, the examiner flexes their knee and extends their hip. The patient experiences pain in the anterior aspect of the thigh. Which neural structure is involved in transmitting the action potentials that carry the pain signals?
Lumbosacral plexus
femoral nerve is involved - L2,3,4
Where do posterior and anterior rami supply?
Posterior (dorsal rami) supply the back (posterior trunk)
Anterior (ventral rami) supply the rest of the body trunk and the limbs
Rami carry mixed modalities
A patient has a fall and afterwards on examination it is noted that they find it difficult to lift the right leg, the right leg is weak at the knee and they are unable to straight leg raise. They can weight bear pain free. What is the most likely structure that has been injured?
Quadriceps tendon (rupture)
A patient has a smear examination in which the cervix is examined. She feels some mild pain. Which location is most likely to experience a referral of pain from the procedure?
Perineum and posterior thigh
What are the areas of pain referral for the different parts of the gut?
Foregut refers to the epigastric region
Midgut refers to the umbilical region
Hindgut refers to the suprapubic region
Which ligament would be transected as a consequence of a standard laminectomy procedure?
Ligamentum flavum
Why might sciatica involve decreased power of plantarflexion?
Plantarflexion involves the posterior compartment of the leg which is innervated by the tibial nerve, a branch of the sciatic
A DVT originating in the posterior tibial vein has extended to the level of the inguinal ligament. Further proximal progression will extend the thrombus into which vein next?
External iliac vein
Posterior tibial vein will drain into the popliteal vein and then into the femoral vein at the level of the inguinal ligament. From there it will drain into the external iliac vein and then into the common iliac vein.
