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Second Year > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What level do the kidneys lie?

A

T12-L3

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2
Q

How much of the resting cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

A

20-25% via the left and right renal arteries

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3
Q

What is the passage of urine drainage in the kidney?

A

Papillary ducts –> Minor calyces –> Major calyces –> Renal pelvis –> Ureter

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4
Q

What causes Vasoconstriction of the aa in the kidney?

A

Angiotensin II, Enothelin, vasopressin, Norepinephrine

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5
Q

What type of cells are podocytes?

A

Modified simple squamous, it is the visceral layer of the bowman capsule

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6
Q

What type of cells are juxtaglomerular cells?

A

Modified smooth muscle fibres

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7
Q

What nerves innervate the bladder?

A

Hypogastric: T12-L2
Pudendal: S2-S4
Pelvic: S2-S4

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8
Q

What muscles of the pelvic floor does the anal canal travel through?

A

Levator ani, Puborectalis

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9
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

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10
Q

What is the epithelium of the uterus?

A

Ciliated simple columnar

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11
Q

What is the epithelium of the vagina?

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

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12
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

A

MALT
Upper wall: Internal oblique and transverses abdominis
Anterior: Aponeurosis of internal and external oblique
Lower: Inguinal and lacunar Ligament
Posterior: Conjoint tendon and transversals fascia

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13
Q

Explain the closed splenic circulation theory.

A

Blood enters via splenic artery which is directly continuous with the splenic sinusoids. RBC squeeze through the sinusoids into the cords of Billroth (splenic cords). RBC squeeze back through the slits into the sinusoid thats continuous with the splenic vein.

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14
Q

What artery supplies the parathyroids?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

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15
Q

What innervates the medulla of the adrenal gland?

A

Sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibres that release Ach

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16
Q

What is the medulla of the kidney derived from?

A

The ectoderm. Neural crest- primitive autonomic ganglion tissue

17
Q

What Layer of the adrenal cortex has spongiocytes?

A

Zona fasciculata

18
Q

What stimulates Zona Glomerulosa?

A

Angiotensin II to synthesis mineralocorticoids- Aldosterone

19
Q

What stimulates the Zona Fasciculata?

A

ACTH in the presence of 17 alpha- hydroxyls to produce glucocorticoids mainly cortisol

20
Q

What stimulates Zona Reticularis?

A

ACTH to secrete Dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione

21
Q

What are the external muscles of the pharynx and their innervation.

A

Superior and inferior constrictor, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus all supplied by Vagus. And stylopharyngess (IX)

22
Q

What is the name given in facial palsy when the eyes may dry out and the lower lid droops?

A
  • Exposire keratitis

- Ectropion

Second Year (7 decks)

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