Anatomy Flashcards
what nerve supplies the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
what is the protective sac the heart is in called?
pericardium
what is between the 2 layers of serous pericardium?
pericardial cavity
what is the outermost layer of the pericardium called?
fibrous pericardium
what is the layer in the pericardium that is in contact with the fibrous pericardium called?
parietal serous pericardium
what is the layer of the pericardium in contact with the heart called?
visceral serous pericardium.
what is another name for the visceral serous pericardium?
epicardium
what is it called when the pericardial cavity fills with blood?
haemopericardium
what is the name of the condition when the pericardial cavity fills with blood and the pressure around the heart can prevent cardiac contraction?
cardiac tamponade
what is the name for the drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity?
pericardiocentesis
during pericardiocentesis where is the needle inserted?
via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly , aspirating continously.
what is the space within the pericardial cavity which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk called?
transverse pericardial sinus
what are the 3 clinically important surfaces of the heart?
anterior (sternocostal) surface
base (posterior) surface
inferior (diaphragmatic) surface
what are the 4 clinically important borders of the heart?
right (lateral) border
left (lateral) border
inferior border
superior border
what are auricles?
expansions of the atrium
what separates the base and diaphragmatic surfaces?
coronary sinus
what is the first branch of the aorta?
coronary arteries
what is the coronary sinus?
short venous conduit which receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium.
what divides the heart into a right and left side?
a septum
what is the part of the septum between the 2 atria called?
interatrial septum
what is the part of the septum between the 2 ventricles called?
interventricular septum
what is an atrial/ventricular septal defect?
a hole in the interatrial/interventricular septum
what does a septal defect do?
allows atrial and venous to mix. this reduced the oxygen content of systemic atrial blood in the aorta. this is called hypoxaemia.
what is the orgin of the inferior vena cava?
L5
which vessels merge to form the inferior vena cava?
left and right common iliac veins
what vessels drain into the inferior vena cava throughout its length?
paired segmental lumbar veins
what does the right gonadal vein empty into?
directly into the vena cava
what does the left gonadal vein generally empty into?
left renal vein
where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm?
at T8
What veins does the IVC connect to at T8?
hepatic vein, inferior phrenic vein
what veins does the IVC join at L1?
suprarenal veins and renal veins
what vessels does the IVC join at L2?
gonadal vein
what vessels does the IVC join at L1-5?
lumbar veins
what vessels does the IVC join at L5?
common iliac vein
which vessel opens in the left posterior aortic sinus?
left coronary artery
which vessels opens into the right atrium?
coronary sinus
which vessel is most commonly associated with the atrioventricular groove?
right coronary artery
which vessel supplies the AV node?
posterior intraventricular artery
which vessel supplies the apex of the heart?
anterior intraventricular artery
