Anatomy

Question 1

what nerve supplies the diaphragm?

Answer 1

phrenic nerve

Question 2

what is the protective sac the heart is in called?

Answer 2

pericardium

Question 3

what is between the 2 layers of serous pericardium?

Answer 3

pericardial cavity

Question 4

what is the outermost layer of the pericardium called?

Answer 4

fibrous pericardium

Question 5

what is the layer in the pericardium that is in contact with the fibrous pericardium called?

Answer 5

parietal serous pericardium

Question 6

what is the layer of the pericardium in contact with the heart called?

Answer 6

visceral serous pericardium.

Question 7

what is another name for the visceral serous pericardium?

Answer 7

epicardium

Question 8

what is it called when the pericardial cavity fills with blood?

Answer 8

haemopericardium

Question 9

what is the name of the condition when the pericardial cavity fills with blood and the pressure around the heart can prevent cardiac contraction?

Answer 9

cardiac tamponade

Question 10

what is the name for the drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity?

Answer 10

pericardiocentesis

Question 11

during pericardiocentesis where is the needle inserted?

Answer 11

via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly , aspirating continously.

Question 12

what is the space within the pericardial cavity which lies posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk called?

Answer 12

transverse pericardial sinus

Question 13

what are the 3 clinically important surfaces of the heart?

Answer 13

anterior (sternocostal) surface
base (posterior) surface
inferior (diaphragmatic) surface

Question 14

what are the 4 clinically important borders of the heart?

Answer 14

right (lateral) border
left (lateral) border
inferior border
superior border

Question 15

what are auricles?

Answer 15

expansions of the atrium

Question 16

what separates the base and diaphragmatic surfaces?

Answer 16

coronary sinus

Question 17

what is the first branch of the aorta?

Answer 17

coronary arteries

Question 18

what is the coronary sinus?

Answer 18

short venous conduit which receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium.

Question 19

what divides the heart into a right and left side?

Answer 19

a septum

Question 20

what is the part of the septum between the 2 atria called?

Answer 20

interatrial septum

Question 21

what is the part of the septum between the 2 ventricles called?

Answer 21

interventricular septum

Question 22

what is an atrial/ventricular septal defect?

Answer 22

a hole in the interatrial/interventricular septum

Question 23

what does a septal defect do?

Answer 23

allows atrial and venous to mix. this reduced the oxygen content of systemic atrial blood in the aorta. this is called hypoxaemia.

Question 24

what is the orgin of the inferior vena cava?

Answer 24

L5

Question 25

which vessels merge to form the inferior vena cava?

Answer 25

left and right common iliac veins

Question 26

what vessels drain into the inferior vena cava throughout its length?

Answer 26

paired segmental lumbar veins

Question 27

what does the right gonadal vein empty into?

Answer 27

directly into the vena cava

Question 28

what does the left gonadal vein generally empty into?

Answer 28

left renal vein

Question 29

where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 29

at T8

Question 30

What veins does the IVC connect to at T8?

Answer 30

hepatic vein, inferior phrenic vein

Question 31

what veins does the IVC join at L1?

Answer 31

suprarenal veins and renal veins

Question 32

what vessels does the IVC join at L2?

Answer 32

gonadal vein

Question 33

what vessels does the IVC join at L1-5?

Answer 33

lumbar veins

Question 34

what vessels does the IVC join at L5?

Answer 34

common iliac vein

Question 35

which vessel opens in the left posterior aortic sinus?

Answer 35

left coronary artery

Question 36

which vessels opens into the right atrium?

Answer 36

coronary sinus

Question 37

which vessel is most commonly associated with the atrioventricular groove?

Answer 37

right coronary artery

Question 38

which vessel supplies the AV node?

Answer 38

posterior intraventricular artery

Question 39

which vessel supplies the apex of the heart?

Answer 39

anterior intraventricular artery