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Pastest/Synap > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the 3 attachments of the rectus abdominus?

A

Xiphoid process
Costal margin
Pubis

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2
Q

Where are the 3 attachments of the transverse abdominus?

A

Deep aspects of the lower ribs
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fsacia of the lower back

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3
Q

Where are the 3 attachements of the internal oblique?

A

Inferior border of the lower ribs
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

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4
Q

Where are the 3 attachments of the external oblique?

A

Superficial aspects of the lower ribs
Iliac crest
Pubic tubercle

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5
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach?

A

Sternum
Ribs/cartilage 7-12
L1-L3 vertebrae

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6
Q

Which two cranial nerves are involved in sneezing?

A

CNV and CNIX

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7
Q

Which two cranial nerves are involved in coughing?

A

CNIX and CNX

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8
Q

Where is the isthmus of the thyroid located?

A

Costal cartilages 2-4

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9
Q

Where does the trachea terminate?

A

T5/6

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10
Q

Where is the landmark for the divide between the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Sternal angle

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11
Q

Where are the attachments for pectoralis major?

A

Sternum
Ribs
Humerus

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12
Q

Where are the attachments for the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process of the temporal bone

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13
Q

Where are the attachments for pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3-5

Scapula

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14
Q

Where are the attachments for scalenus anterior?

A

Ribs 1-2

Cervical vertebrae

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15
Q

Which CN is involved in vocal cord movement?

A

CNX

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16
Q

What is the rectus sheath formed from?

A

Aponeurosis of the internal and external obliques, and the transverse abdominus

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17
Q

Which type of pleura makes up the majority of the pleura?

A

Costal pleura

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18
Q

What is the name of the tissue that splits the rectus abdominus into smaller quadrate muscles?

A

Tendinous intersections

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19
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal spaces drain to?

A

Internal thoracic vein

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20
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal spaces drain to?

A

Azygous vein

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21
Q

What is the route of the phrenic nerve?

A

Descends through the neck on the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior, descends through the chest on the lateral aspects of the fibrous pericardium, then anterior to the lung root

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22
Q

The anterior rami of which vertebrae supply the intercostal muscles?

A

T1-T11

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23
Q

‘Winged scapula’ occurs due to damage to which nerve?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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24
Q

The trachea bifurcates where?

A

Sternal angle (costal cartilage 2)

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25
Q

In which division of the mediastinum is the thymus located?

A

Anterior

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26
Q

What replaces the thymus in adulthood?

A

Adipose tissue

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27
Q

Where does the azygous vein drain to?

A

SVC

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28
Q

What is the septomarginal trabecula?

A

A band of heart tissue found in the RV, which carries fibres of the right bundle branch to the papillary muscle of the anterior cusp

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29
Q

Visceral afferents enter the cervical ganglia where?

A

T1-T5

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30
Q

Where in the mediastinum is the ligamentum arteriosum loacated?

A

Left mediastinum

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31
Q

At what position is pericardiocentesis carried out?

A

5th ICS, next to the sternum at the infrasternal angle

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32
Q

Which chamber of the heart forms most of the base?

A

LA

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33
Q

In which groove does the circumflex artery lie?

A

Left atrioventricular groove

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34
Q

APs arriving where are somatosensory?

A

Postcentral cyrus of the parietal lobe

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35
Q

APs arriving where are somatomotor?

A

Precentral cyrus of the frontal lobe

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36
Q

Which three structures pass through the aortic hiatus?

A

Aorta
Azygous vein
Thoracic duct

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37
Q

Where is the transverse thoracic plane?

A

Sternal angle to T4/5

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38
Q

How can somatic pain be described? Where is it most likely to originate from?

A

Sharp and well localised

From muscles, bones and joints

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39
Q

How can visceral pain be described? Where is it most likely to originate from?

A

Dull and poorly localised

From organs and vessels

40
Q

What is the name of the space used to identify the great vessels?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

41
Q

Where is the thoracic inlet between?

A

T1
Rib 1
Jugular notch

42
Q

Does the thoracic aorta pass posterior or anterior to the left lung root?

A

Posterior

43
Q

Which part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

A

Superior

44
Q

At which level of the aorta do gonadal arteries branch off?

A

L2

45
Q

What are the four types of tastebud?

A

Vallate
Filliform
Fungiform
Foliate

46
Q

What are the three arteries contained in the spermatic cord?

A

Cremasteric
Deferential
Testicular

47
Q

Through what does the pudendal nerve exit the pelvis/enter the perineum?

A

Exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen

Enters the perineum via the lesser sciatic foramen

48
Q

Which salivary gland produces the most?

A

Submandibular

49
Q

Where is faeces held until it is appropriate to defecate?

A

Rectal ampulla

50
Q

Between which two veins is the anastamosis around the umbilicus?

A

Epigastric

Para-umbilical

51
Q

What secretes saliva from the submandibular gland?

A

Lingual caruncle

52
Q

Which CN supplies the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

53
Q

Where does the superior rectal vein drain to?

A

IMV

54
Q

At what level is the rectosigmoid junction?

A

S3

55
Q

What is the arterial/venous supply below the pectinate line?

A

Internal iliac artery/vein

56
Q

What is the arterial/venous supply above the pectinate line?

A

IMA/IMV

57
Q

Which two arteries anastaomose on the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

L and R gastric

58
Q

Which two arteries anastamose on the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

L and R gastro-omental

59
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

60
Q

Which ligaments run within the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric

61
Q

Where does primary saliva secretion occur?

A

Acinar cells

62
Q

Which CNs supply the upper/lower oral caviities?

A 
CNV2 = upper
CNV3 = lower
63
Q

What is the other name for the omental foramen?

A

Foramen of Winslow

64
Q

Where are the attachments of the masseter?

A

Angle of the mandible to the zygomatic arch

65
Q

Where are the attachments of the temporalis?

A

Coronoid process of the mandible to the temporal fossa

66
Q

Where are the attachments of the lateral pterygoid?

A

Condyle of the mandible to the pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

67
Q

Where are the attachments of the medial pterygoid?

A

Angle of the mandible to the pterygoid plate of the sphenoid

68
Q

The anastamosis at the rectum/anus is between which two veins?

A

IMV and internal iliac veins

69
Q

The internal longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are innervated by which CNs?

A

CNIX and CNX

70
Q

The external circular muscles of the pharynx are innervated by which CNs?

A

CNX

71
Q

What is the route of drainage for the IMA?

A

IMA to splenic vein to hepatic portal vein

72
Q

Which salivary gland(s) are supplied by CN IX?

A

Parotid

73
Q

Which salivary gland(s) are supplied by CN VII?

A

Sublingual/submandibular

74
Q

Compared to the ileum, describe the vasa rectae and number of arcade of the jejunum.

A

Jejunum has longer vasa rectae and fewer arcades

75
Q

What is the relationship between the common bile duct and the first part of the duodenum?

A

CBD is posterior

76
Q

Which has more circular folds, the ileum or jejunum?

A

Jejunum

77
Q

Internal iliac nodes drain where?

A

Inferior pelvic structures

78
Q

External iliac nodes drain where?

A

The lower limb and superior pelvic structures

79
Q

Is the spleen intra- or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

80
Q

What is the level of the cricopharyngeal sphincter?

A

C6

81
Q

What are the levels of nerves associated with the foregut?

A

T6-T9

82
Q

What are the levels of nerves associated with the midgut?

A

T8-T12

83
Q

What are the levels of nerves associated with the hindgut?

A

T10-T12

84
Q

The anastamosis at the distal end of the oesophagus is between which two veins?

A

Azygous and hepatic portal

85
Q

At which level does the aorta bifurcate into the common iliacs?

A

T4

86
Q

What are the main 3 branches of the IMA?

A

Left colic
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

87
Q

What are the fatty projections on the colon called?

A

Omental appendages

88
Q

What are the 3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the colon called?

A

Tenaie coli

89
Q

What are haustra?

A

Pouches which give the colon its segmental appearance

90
Q

Which anal sphincter is controlled by sympathetics?

A

Internal

91
Q

Which two structures does the pudendal nerve cause to constrict?

A

External anal sphincter and the puborectalis

92
Q

What is the anastamosis between the SMA and IMA called?

A

Marginal artery of Drummond

93
Q

What are the three main areas of the spleen?

A

Renal
Gastric
Colic

94
Q

What are the main three constrictions of the oeophagus?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Diaphragmatic

95
Q

Which muscle opens the mouth?

A

Lateral pterygoid

96
Q

In which section of the gut are the liver and gallbladder?

A

Foregut

97
Q

At which level do the renal arteries branch off the aorta?

A

L1

Pastest/Synap (6 decks)

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