Anatomy

Question 1

What is the innermost layer of pericardium?

Answer 1

Visceral serous/ epicardium

Question 2

what is the thick outer pericardium layer called?

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium

Question 3

what is contained between the viscera; and parietal serous pericardium layers?

Answer 3

pericardial fluid

Question 4

what is the term given to when the pericardial cavity is filled with blood?

Answer 4

haemopericardium

Question 5

what is the effect of a haemopericardium

Answer 5

It puts excess pressure on the heart resulting in the heart beating abnormally such as a cardiac tamponade

Question 6

how would you relieve the effects of a haemopericardium?

Answer 6

pericardiocentesis

-drain fluid from cavity from either the infrasternal angle or 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

Question 7

Where would you find the transverse pericardial sinus?

Answer 7

posterosuperiorly in the pericardial cavity

• posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
• stops at superior vena cava

Question 8

What is the clinical importance of the transverse pericardial sinus?

Answer 8

surgeons use it to identify the main vessels

Question 9

what are the surfaces of the heart?

Answer 9

anterior (sternocostal)
base (posterior)
inferior (diaphragmatic)

Question 10

what are the borders of the heart?

Answer 10

Right
left
inferior
superior

Question 11

where would you find the apex of the heart using surface anatomy?

Answer 11

5th left intercostal space,slightly medial to the mid-clavicular line

Question 12

which veins join to make up the brachial-cephalic veins?

Answer 12

internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein on both sides (R and L)

Question 13

What is the first branch of the aortic arch?

Answer 13

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 14

what is the first branch of the aorta?

Answer 14

coronary sinus

Question 15

what is the function of auricles?

Answer 15

They allow the atria to expand further during diastole, helping them to take in more blood

Question 16

Where does the left coronary artery lie?

Answer 16

anterior interventricular groove

Question 17

where do the intercostal veins drain to?

Answer 17

Azygous vein, then into the superior vena cava

Question 18

where does the right coronary artery lie?

Answer 18

coronary groove

Question 19

which coronary artery is shorter in length?

Answer 19

left

Question 20

what are the smooth and muscular layers of the right atrium separated by?

Answer 20

crista terminalis

Question 21

which valve has 2 cusps?

Answer 21

mitral

Question 22

which chamber of the heart has a moderator band?

Answer 22

the right ventricle, it acts as an electrical short-cut for the anterior cusp (allows it to contract at the same time as the shorter right and left cusps)

Question 23

Which artery supplies the inferior border of the heart?

Answer 23

Right coronary artery

Question 24

Which artery supplies the lateral border of the heart?

Answer 24

Left circumflex artery

Question 25

Which artery supplies the inter-ventricular septum?

Answer 25

Left anterior descending artery

Question 26

Which artery supplies the anterior border of the heart?

Answer 26

Left anterior descending artery