Anatomy Flashcards
What is the innermost layer of pericardium?
Visceral serous/ epicardium
what is the thick outer pericardium layer called?
fibrous pericardium
what is contained between the viscera; and parietal serous pericardium layers?
pericardial fluid
what is the term given to when the pericardial cavity is filled with blood?
haemopericardium
what is the effect of a haemopericardium
It puts excess pressure on the heart resulting in the heart beating abnormally such as a cardiac tamponade
how would you relieve the effects of a haemopericardium?
pericardiocentesis
-drain fluid from cavity from either the infrasternal angle or 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
Where would you find the transverse pericardial sinus?
posterosuperiorly in the pericardial cavity
- posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
- stops at superior vena cava
What is the clinical importance of the transverse pericardial sinus?
surgeons use it to identify the main vessels
what are the surfaces of the heart?
anterior (sternocostal)
base (posterior)
inferior (diaphragmatic)
what are the borders of the heart?
Right
left
inferior
superior
where would you find the apex of the heart using surface anatomy?
5th left intercostal space,slightly medial to the mid-clavicular line
which veins join to make up the brachial-cephalic veins?
internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein on both sides (R and L)
What is the first branch of the aortic arch?
brachiocephalic trunk
what is the first branch of the aorta?
coronary sinus
what is the function of auricles?
They allow the atria to expand further during diastole, helping them to take in more blood
Where does the left coronary artery lie?
anterior interventricular groove
where do the intercostal veins drain to?
Azygous vein, then into the superior vena cava
where does the right coronary artery lie?
coronary groove
which coronary artery is shorter in length?
left
what are the smooth and muscular layers of the right atrium separated by?
crista terminalis
which valve has 2 cusps?
mitral
which chamber of the heart has a moderator band?
the right ventricle, it acts as an electrical short-cut for the anterior cusp (allows it to contract at the same time as the shorter right and left cusps)
Which artery supplies the inferior border of the heart?
Right coronary artery
Which artery supplies the lateral border of the heart?
Left circumflex artery
Which artery supplies the inter-ventricular septum?
Left anterior descending artery
Which artery supplies the anterior border of the heart?
Left anterior descending artery
