Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

In the gut, where are the cells that replaces enterocytes?

A

In crypts of Lieberkühn

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2
Q

Which are the ligaments that support the ovary?

A
  • Ovary ligament – binds the ovary to uterus

- infundibulopelvis (suspensory)—- binds ovary to pelvic wall, ovary vessels

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3
Q

Fracture in mid shaft humerus in the region of spiral groove

A

Lesion of radial nerve– compromise of wrist extension, sparing triceps branchi— elbow extension.

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4
Q

Diaphragm contain three major apertures

A
  • vena caval foramen: inferior vena cava
  • aortic hiatus: aorta, thoracic duct and azigos vein
  • Esophageal hiatus: esophagus and anterior /posterior trunks of vagus nerve
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5
Q

Epithelium of the cervix

A
  • stratified non keratinized squamous epithelium: exoxervix and vagina
  • simple columnar: endocervical canal
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6
Q

epithelium of ovary

A

simple cuboidal

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7
Q
  • supraspinous
  • infraspinous
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
A
  • abduction of arm
  • external rotation
  • adduction and external rotation
  • adduction and internal rotation
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8
Q

Ventral pancreatic bud

dorsal

A

ventral: uncinate process, head and main oancreatic duct
dorsal: tail, body and accesory pancreatic bud

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9
Q

Groin Hernias

A
  • Indirect inguinal: male infants, patent processus vaginalis, content protruded through deep inguinal ring. Lateral- inferior epigastric vessels.
  • Direct inguinal: older man, weakness of traversalis fascia, protruded throug hesselback triangle. Medial to inferior epigastric vessels
  • Femoral: women, weakness of proximal femoral canal,, protruded through femoral canal, inferior to inguinal ligament.
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10
Q

origin of melanocytes

A

neural crest

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11
Q

Endoderm

A

structures derived by primitive gut: Thyroid follicular cells, epithelial surfaces of trachea, bronqui, lungs, liver, pancreas, biliar tree, GI and bladder epithelium

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12
Q

mesoderm

A

dermis, bones, muscles, blood vessels and visceral tissue

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13
Q

neuroectoderm

A

SNC, preganglionic autonomic ganglions, retina and posterior pituitary

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14
Q

surface ectoderm

A

epidermis, mammary glands, sweat glands, lens and adenohypophisis

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15
Q

Tongue innervation

A
  • Motor: hypoglossal nerve, exception of palatoglossal muscle innervated by vagus nerve.
  • General sensory: anterior 2/3 mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve, posterior 1/3 glossopharyngeal nerve and posterior are of tonngue root: vagus nerve
  • Taste: 2/3 anterior—– cordae tympany of facial nerve
    1/3 posterior: glossopharyngeal
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16
Q

ovarian venous drainage

A

left—- left renal vein

right — inferior cava vein

17
Q

Structures origin neural crest cells?

A
MOTEL PASS 
M: Melanocytes
O: odontoblast
T: tracheal cartilage
E: enterochromafin cells
L: laryngeal cartilage 
P: arafollicular C cells
A: adrenal medulla
S: spiral membrane
18
Q

Which is the correct order of vessels in retinal artery oclussion?

A

internal carotid—– ophtalmic artery– retinal artery

19
Q

biventricular pacemaker

A

Requiere 2 o 3 three leads
firts 2 leads placed in right atrium and ventricle
other in left ventricule: resides in atrioventricular groove

20
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A
scalene muscles (anterior-middle)
compression of posterior trunk of branchial plexus 
subclavian vein and artery
--- cervical rib!
trauma or repetitive movements
21
Q

which are the most vulnerable hypoxic ischemic insults in brain?

A

purkinje cell in cerebellum
pyramidal cells in hippocampus
neocortex

22
Q

Midgut malrotation

A

Incomplete counterclockwise rotation (270°)

  • cecum will rest in superior right quadrant
  • fibrous band connect retroperitoneum in RLQ to right colon/cecum passing over the second part of duodenum——– causing intestinal obstruction
23
Q

Functional anatomy of cerebellum

A
  • cerebellar hemispheres: motor planning and coordination, ipsilateral (dysmetria, dysdiadochokinecia and intentional tremor)
  • Vermis: modulate axial and truncal posture and coordination. (truncal ataxia)
  • Floculonodular hemiphere: eye movement and balance. (nystagmus and vertigo)
24
Q

Cadherins

A

Desmoglein, desmocollins, E- cadherine
Adhesion proteins that bind epithelial cells together
Forms adherens junctions and desmosomes

25
Tyrosine kinase receptor
transduce signals from hormones, epidermal growth factor, plateet derived growth factor - transmembrane protein------------ have extrecellular binding ligand, hydrophobisc transmembrane region and intracellular domain Activation causing dimerization of two identical receptor subunits---------each subunits phosphorylates the other.
26
Dandy walker malformation vs chiari
DW: hypoplasia or abscence of cerebellar vermis with cystic dilation of fourth ventricle Chiari: congenital structural abnormales caused by defects in craniocervical and hindbraind development. displacement of elongated cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum.
27
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
branch of vagus nerve innervate: posterior and lateral cricoarithenois, oblique and transverse arytenoids, thyroaritenoid. Except cricothyroid (superior laryngeal nerve)
28
Unmyelinated neurons
group C nerve fibers - postganglionic autonomic nervous system axons - afferent neurons: conduct heat sensation, transmit slow onset dull, burning and visceral pain. - first order bipolar sensory neurons of olfaction
29
Any unilateral visual pathway lesion distal to optic chiasm can cause...
contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
30
Infraorbital nerve
continuation of maxillary nerve | damaged result in numbness and paresthesias of upper check, lip and upper gingiva
31
In horshoe kidney which vessel interfered with kidney ascens?
Inferior mesenteric artery, because horshoe kidney crosses the midline anterior to the aorta and posterior to IMA
32
Gonadal arteries arise from?
abdominal aorta
33
supinator canal
tha deep branch of radial nerve pass through this canal and become interosseous nerve (innervates muscles that involved the extension of fingers and thumb) injury due repetitive pronation/supination, direct trauma or dislocation of radius (triceps reflex, extension of carpi and sensitive are normal, different in lesion of radal nerve in midshaft of humerus (sensitive and total extension are damaged no triceps reflex), all is damaged when the lesion is in axilla.
34
Splenic artery branches
- Pancreatic branches - Left Gastroepiploic artery (greater curvature of stomach) - Short gastric (greater curvature of the stomach)---- morevulnerable to isquemic lesion because have less anastomoses
35
Incomplete development of the pleuroperitoneal membrane
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia----- leads to lung hypoplasia due to stomach hernia.
36
The pelvic splanchnic nerves
Arise from sacral spinal nerves S2-S4 Innervation of the pelvic and genital organs, regulate the emptying of the urinary bladder, control opening and closing of the internal urethral sphincter, influence motility in the rectum, erection.
37
Cardinal veins become
systemic venous circulation
38
Kiesselbach plexus
septal branch of anterior etmoidal artery lateral nasal branch of sphenopalatine artery Septal branch of superior labial artery: facial artery
39
thunderclap headache + CN III palsy (mydriasis, ptosis, "down and out" eye)
rupture of saccular aneurysm (subarachnoid hemorrhage) posterior communicating artery