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JL Neurology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

In multipolar neurones - where are the cell bodies found?

A

In the CNS

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2
Q

In unipolar neurones - where are the cell bodies found?

A

In PNS (dorsal root ganglion)

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3
Q

What are a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

What are a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

Ganglion

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5
Q

What are the three special sensory CNs?

A

CN I, CN II and CN VIII

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6
Q

What are the four motor CNs?

A

CN IV, VI, XI and XII

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7
Q

What do spinal nerves supply?

A

The soma

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8
Q

From teh intervertebral foramina what do spinal nerves connect with the structures of the soma via?

A

Rami

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9
Q

What nerve comes out above C2?

A

C2

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10
Q

What nerve comes out above T4?

A

T3

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11
Q

Where do all sensory axons pass from the spinal nerve to?

A

The posterior root then into posterior rootleys, then into posterior horn of spinal cord

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12
Q

What si the location of cell bodies of primary afferent neurpnes?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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13
Q

Where does crossover in the corticospinal tract occur?

A

In medulla

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14
Q

What segment is the male nipple?

A

T4

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15
Q

What segment is the umbilicus?

A

T10

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16
Q

What spinal nerve segments cover posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

A

C2-C4

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17
Q

What spinal nerve segments cover upper limb?

A

C5-T1

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18
Q

What are networks of intertwined anterior rami called?

A

Plexuses

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19
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Myotome of each spinal nerve is the skeletal muscles suppled with motor innervation by both the anterior and posterior ramus of that spinal nerve

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20
Q

Where does sympathetic outflow exit the spinal cords?

A

T1-L2

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21
Q

Only what segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns?

A

T1-L2 - for cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain

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22
Q

Name a ganglion in the sympathetic outflow?

A

Paravertebral ganglion of sympathetic trunk

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23
Q

In the sympathetic outflow - what roots/rootlets does presynpatic axons leave?

A

Anterior

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24
Q

In relation to the sympathetic outflow and the heart - where do presynaptic axons synapse?

A

In T1 or cervical paravertebral ganglia

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25
In relation to the sympathetic outflow and the lungs - where do presynaptic axons synapse?
In the upper throacic paravertebral ganglia
26
In relation to the sympathetic outflow and abdominopelvic organs - where does the presynaptic axons synapse?
In one of the prevertebral ganglia
27
In relation to the sympathetic outflow and adrenal medulla - where do presynaptic axons go?
Pass through the aorticorenal ganglion to synapse directly onto the adrenaline/noradrenaline secreting cells of adrenal medulla
28
What do the skin dimples on the back indicate the positions of?
Posterior superior iliac spines
29
List the four main extrinsic back muscles?
1. Trapezius 2. Latissimus dorsi 3. Levator scapulae 4. 2 x rhomboids
30
The intrinsic back muscles move the spine - what are they/
``` Erector spinae (superficial) Transversospinalis (deep) ```
31
What are two muscles of posterior abdominal wall?
Psoas major | Quadratus lumborum
32
Extension of the spine is a function of what muscles?
Intrinsic bakc muscles
33
Flexion of the spine is the function of what muscles?
Psoas major and rectus abdominis
34
How many vertebrae in coccyx?
4
35
What is pain from facet joint transmitted via?
Posterior rami
36
Are there intervertebral discs bvetween C1 and C2?
no
37
What vertebraes all have a foramen in each transverse process?
Cervical - passage of vertebral arteries
38
In the sacrum what is there instead of intervertebral foraminae?
Anterior and posterior sacral foraminae
39
What is the palpable inferior end of the spinal canal?
Sacral hiatus
40
What is the internal capsule a common location of?
CVA
41
What dermatome is the C1 spinal nerve supply?
None - has no significant cutaneous sensory axons
42
C2 dermatome?
Back of scalp and adams apple
43
Dermatome supplying back of neck and jugular notch?
C3
44
C4 dermatome?
Clavicle and shoulder tip
45
C5 dermatome?
Badge patch
46
What dermatome supplies the thumb?
C6
47
What dermatome supplies the middle finger?
C7
48
C8 dermatome?
Little finger
49
Medial forearm supplying dermatome?
T1
50
What dermatome supplies medial arm and sternal angle?
T2
51
T4 dermatome?
Male nipple
52
T8 dermatome?
Xiphoid process
53
T10 dermatome?
Umbilixus
54
T12 dermatome?
Pubic symphysis
55
L1 dermatome?
Groin - hands in pockets
56
What dermatome supplies anterior thigh?
L2
57
What dermatome supples the knee (anterior)
L3
58
L4 dermatome?
Medial malleolus
59
L5 dermatome?
Dorsum of foot
60
What dermatome supplies the heel?
S1
61
What dermatome supplies the posterior knee?
S2
62
S3 dermatome?
Buttock
63
S4 dermatome?
Perineum
64
S5 dermatome?
Perianal skin
65
What are the nerve roots for the femoral nerve?
L2, L3 and L4
66
Posteriorly, what spinal nerves supply neck and scalp skin?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C8
67
What is the nerve point of the neck?
Midpoint of posterior border of SCM
68
What forms the cervical plexus?
Anterior rami of C1, C2, C3 and C4
69
What does the lesser occipital nerve (C2) supply?
Skin posterior to the external ear
70
What does the great auricular nevre supple (C2,3)?
Skin over angle of mandible and some of external ear
71
What supplies skin over anterior neck?
Transverse cervical (C2,3)
72
What nerves supply skin over clavicle and the shoulder tip, the latter explains referred pain from diaphragm to shoulder?
Supraclavicular nerve C3,C4
73
What nerves are not involved in plexus formation?
Anterior rami of T2-T12
74
What nerves supply the lower anterolateral trunk wall?
Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves - formed from the bifurcation of anterior ramus of L1
75
What supplies upper anterolateral trunk wall?
Intercostal nerves - anterior rami of spinal nerves T2-T11
76
What is the name of T12 spinakl nerve?
subcostal nerve
77
What rami suply the posterior parts of teh back dermatomes - closest to the spine?
Posterior rami
78
What do T1 and T2 anterior rami get referred pain from?
Myocardium
79
What supplies the anatomical snuff box?
Cutaneous branches of radial nerve
80
What are nerve roots of radial nerve/?
(C5), C6, C7, C8, (T1)
81
What nerbe roots of ulnar nerve?
(c7), C8, T1
82
What nerve roots are median nerve?
(C5), C6, C7, C8, T1
83
L1, L2?
Genitofemoral nerve
84
L2, L3?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
85
S1, 2, 3?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
86
Obturator nerve?
L2,3,4
87
L4, L5, S1?
Superficial fibular nerve
88
L5?
Deep fibular nerve
89
L4 - S3?
Tibial nerve
90
Where is rhe upper motor neurone cell body found?
Within the primary somatomotor cortex of the precentral gyrus
91
What msucles does cervical plexus C1-C4 supply?
Neck postural an strap muscles, diaphragm
92
What muscles does brachial plexus supply?
Upper limb, extrinsic back muscles
93
What muscles do T2-L3 motor axons supply?
Postural back muscles Inercostal muscles anterolateral abdominal wall muslces
94
What muscles does lumbosacral plexus supply L1-S4?
Mulces of lower limb | Perineal skeletal muscles

JL Neurology (12 decks)

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