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JL Neurology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

In multipolar neurones - where are the cell bodies found?

A

In the CNS

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2
Q

In unipolar neurones - where are the cell bodies found?

A

In PNS (dorsal root ganglion)

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3
Q

What are a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

What are a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

Ganglion

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5
Q

What are the three special sensory CNs?

A

CN I, CN II and CN VIII

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6
Q

What are the four motor CNs?

A

CN IV, VI, XI and XII

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7
Q

What do spinal nerves supply?

A

The soma

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8
Q

From teh intervertebral foramina what do spinal nerves connect with the structures of the soma via?

A

Rami

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9
Q

What nerve comes out above C2?

A

C2

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10
Q

What nerve comes out above T4?

A

T3

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11
Q

Where do all sensory axons pass from the spinal nerve to?

A

The posterior root then into posterior rootleys, then into posterior horn of spinal cord

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12
Q

What si the location of cell bodies of primary afferent neurpnes?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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13
Q

Where does crossover in the corticospinal tract occur?

A

In medulla

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14
Q

What segment is the male nipple?

A

T4

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15
Q

What segment is the umbilicus?

A

T10

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16
Q

What spinal nerve segments cover posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

A

C2-C4

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17
Q

What spinal nerve segments cover upper limb?

A

C5-T1

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18
Q

What are networks of intertwined anterior rami called?

A

Plexuses

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19
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Myotome of each spinal nerve is the skeletal muscles suppled with motor innervation by both the anterior and posterior ramus of that spinal nerve

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20
Q

Where does sympathetic outflow exit the spinal cords?

A

T1-L2

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21
Q

Only what segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns?

A

T1-L2 - for cell bodies of the next sympathetic neurones in the chain

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22
Q

Name a ganglion in the sympathetic outflow?

A

Paravertebral ganglion of sympathetic trunk

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23
Q

In the sympathetic outflow - what roots/rootlets does presynpatic axons leave?

A

Anterior

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24
Q

In relation to the sympathetic outflow and the heart - where do presynaptic axons synapse?

A

In T1 or cervical paravertebral ganglia

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25
Q

In relation to the sympathetic outflow and the lungs - where do presynaptic axons synapse?

A

In the upper throacic paravertebral ganglia

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26
Q

In relation to the sympathetic outflow and abdominopelvic organs - where does the presynaptic axons synapse?

A

In one of the prevertebral ganglia

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27
Q

In relation to the sympathetic outflow and adrenal medulla - where do presynaptic axons go?

A

Pass through the aorticorenal ganglion to synapse directly onto the adrenaline/noradrenaline secreting cells of adrenal medulla

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28
Q

What do the skin dimples on the back indicate the positions of?

A

Posterior superior iliac spines

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29
Q

List the four main extrinsic back muscles?

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. 2 x rhomboids
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30
Q

The intrinsic back muscles move the spine - what are they/

A 
Erector spinae (superficial)
Transversospinalis (deep)
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31
Q

What are two muscles of posterior abdominal wall?

A

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

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32
Q

Extension of the spine is a function of what muscles?

A

Intrinsic bakc muscles

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33
Q

Flexion of the spine is the function of what muscles?

A

Psoas major and rectus abdominis

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34
Q

How many vertebrae in coccyx?

A

4

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35
Q

What is pain from facet joint transmitted via?

A

Posterior rami

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36
Q

Are there intervertebral discs bvetween C1 and C2?

A

no

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37
Q

What vertebraes all have a foramen in each transverse process?

A

Cervical - passage of vertebral arteries

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38
Q

In the sacrum what is there instead of intervertebral foraminae?

A

Anterior and posterior sacral foraminae

39
Q

What is the palpable inferior end of the spinal canal?

A

Sacral hiatus

40
Q

What is the internal capsule a common location of?

A

CVA

41
Q

What dermatome is the C1 spinal nerve supply?

A

None - has no significant cutaneous sensory axons

42
Q

C2 dermatome?

A

Back of scalp and adams apple

43
Q

Dermatome supplying back of neck and jugular notch?

A

C3

44
Q

C4 dermatome?

A

Clavicle and shoulder tip

45
Q

C5 dermatome?

A

Badge patch

46
Q

What dermatome supplies the thumb?

A

C6

47
Q

What dermatome supplies the middle finger?

A

C7

48
Q

C8 dermatome?

A

Little finger

49
Q

Medial forearm supplying dermatome?

A

T1

50
Q

What dermatome supplies medial arm and sternal angle?

A

T2

51
Q

T4 dermatome?

A

Male nipple

52
Q

T8 dermatome?

A

Xiphoid process

53
Q

T10 dermatome?

A

Umbilixus

54
Q

T12 dermatome?

A

Pubic symphysis

55
Q

L1 dermatome?

A

Groin - hands in pockets

56
Q

What dermatome supplies anterior thigh?

A

L2

57
Q

What dermatome supples the knee (anterior)

A

L3

58
Q

L4 dermatome?

A

Medial malleolus

59
Q

L5 dermatome?

A

Dorsum of foot

60
Q

What dermatome supplies the heel?

A

S1

61
Q

What dermatome supplies the posterior knee?

A

S2

62
Q

S3 dermatome?

A

Buttock

63
Q

S4 dermatome?

A

Perineum

64
Q

S5 dermatome?

A

Perianal skin

65
Q

What are the nerve roots for the femoral nerve?

A

L2, L3 and L4

66
Q

Posteriorly, what spinal nerves supply neck and scalp skin?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-C8

67
Q

What is the nerve point of the neck?

A

Midpoint of posterior border of SCM

68
Q

What forms the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior rami of C1, C2, C3 and C4

69
Q

What does the lesser occipital nerve (C2) supply?

A

Skin posterior to the external ear

70
Q

What does the great auricular nevre supple (C2,3)?

A

Skin over angle of mandible and some of external ear

71
Q

What supplies skin over anterior neck?

A

Transverse cervical (C2,3)

72
Q

What nerves supply skin over clavicle and the shoulder tip, the latter explains referred pain from diaphragm to shoulder?

A

Supraclavicular nerve C3,C4

73
Q

What nerves are not involved in plexus formation?

A

Anterior rami of T2-T12

74
Q

What nerves supply the lower anterolateral trunk wall?

A

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves - formed from the bifurcation of anterior ramus of L1

75
Q

What supplies upper anterolateral trunk wall?

A

Intercostal nerves - anterior rami of spinal nerves T2-T11

76
Q

What is the name of T12 spinakl nerve?

A

subcostal nerve

77
Q

What rami suply the posterior parts of teh back dermatomes - closest to the spine?

A

Posterior rami

78
Q

What do T1 and T2 anterior rami get referred pain from?

A

Myocardium

79
Q

What supplies the anatomical snuff box?

A

Cutaneous branches of radial nerve

80
Q

What are nerve roots of radial nerve/?

A

(C5), C6, C7, C8, (T1)

81
Q

What nerbe roots of ulnar nerve?

A

(c7), C8, T1

82
Q

What nerve roots are median nerve?

A

(C5), C6, C7, C8, T1

83
Q

L1, L2?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

84
Q

L2, L3?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

85
Q

S1, 2, 3?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

86
Q

Obturator nerve?

A

L2,3,4

87
Q

L4, L5, S1?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

88
Q

L5?

A

Deep fibular nerve

89
Q

L4 - S3?

A

Tibial nerve

90
Q

Where is rhe upper motor neurone cell body found?

A

Within the primary somatomotor cortex of the precentral gyrus

91
Q

What msucles does cervical plexus C1-C4 supply?

A

Neck postural an strap muscles, diaphragm

92
Q

What muscles does brachial plexus supply?

A

Upper limb, extrinsic back muscles

93
Q

What muscles do T2-L3 motor axons supply?

A

Postural back muscles
Inercostal muscles
anterolateral abdominal wall muslces

94
Q

What muscles does lumbosacral plexus supply L1-S4?

A

Mulces of lower limb

Perineal skeletal muscles

JL Neurology (12 decks)

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