Anatomy

Question 1

Where does the ureters blood supply arise from?

Answer 1

Renal, gonadal, vesical, and vaginal arteries, depending on region it is crossing

Question 2

What is the innervation of the ureters?

Answer 2

Sympathetic: renal plexus, T11-12 (inhibits peristalsis)
Para: vagus nerve (enhances peristalsis)

Question 3

What important muscles does the ureter pass?

Answer 3

Passes along anterior portion of spots muscle

Question 4

Where is pain from the ureter referred to?

Answer 4

Lower abdominal wall, inguinal region, medial thighs

Question 5

What makes up bladder muscle?

Answer 5

Destrusor muscle

Except in trig one area

Question 6

What is the blood supply of the bladder?

Answer 6

Internal iliac arteries via
Superior vesical arteries
Inferior vesical arteries (males)
Vaginal arteries (females)

Question 7

What is the venous drainage of the bladder?

Answer 7

Vesical venous plexus drains to internal iliac veins

Question 8

What is the innervation of the bladder?

Answer 8

Sympathetic: T11-L3 (inhibits urination by contracting internal sphincter)
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves (stimulate detrusor muscle and relax sphincter to stimulate urination)

Question 9

Which fibers carry pain from the bladder?

Answer 9

Inferior: parasympathetic
Superior: sympathetic

Question 10

What are the parts of the male urethra?

Answer 10

Pre-prostatic-passes through neck of bladder, surrounded by internal sphincter

Prostatic: surrounded by prostate, receives ejaculatory ducts

Membranous: Apex of prostate to bulb of the penis- passes through perineal membrane in urogenital triangle, surrounded by external urethral sphincter

Spongy: runs from bulb of penis to external urethral orifice

Question 11

Innervation of the urethra

Answer 11

Sympathetic/parasympathetic : prostatic nerve plexus

Question 12

How do male external genitalia develop?

Answer 12

1. Both sexes develop s genital tubercle, labioscrotal swellkngs, urogenital folds, around 4weeks
2. Tubercle to phallus to penis
3. Urogenital folds fuse to form spongy urethra
4. Labioscrotal swellings fuse to form scrotum
5. Testes descend from abdominal cavity along gubernaculum testis

Question 13

What structures does the spermatic cord include?

Answer 13

Ductus deferents
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus (becomes testicular vein)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers
Lymphatic vessels
Remnant of processes vaginalis
Cremaster muscle

Question 14

Cremaster muscle

Answer 14

Adjusts testis height according to temperature

Question 15

Tunica vaginalis

Answer 15

Extension of the peritoneum, forms a closed sac round testes, small amount of fluid allows free movement

Question 16

Tunica albuginea

Answer 16

Capsule of connective tissue that surrounds the testes, overlaid by tunica vaginalis

Question 17

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 17

Site of spermatozoa production

Tubules within lobules of testes

Question 18

Ductus deferens

Answer 18

Muscular tube that transmits sperm from the scrotum to the pelvis
Begins at tail of epididymis

Question 19

Epididymis

Answer 19

Highly coiled tubule where sperm are stored and mature

Posterior surface of testes

Question 20

testicular blood supply

Answer 20

From the abdominal aorta- testicular artery

Rich collaterals with cremasteric artery, external pudendal artery

Question 21

Testicular innervation

Answer 21

Sympathetic: greater splanchnic nerve

Parasympathetic: vagus nerve

Question 22

Scrotal blood supply

Answer 22

Anterior and posterior scrotal arteries, arising from the femoral artery

Question 23

Testicular venous drainage

Answer 23

From pampiniform plexus, drains into right IVC or left renal vein

Helps regulate heat exchange

Question 24

Scrotal innervation

Answer 24

Lumbar and sacral plexi

Question 25

Seminal gland

Answer 25

Produces high fructose sperm fluid, ducts meet ductus deferens and ejaculatory ducts

Question 26

Penis innervation

Answer 26

Sympathetic: least splanchnic

Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic