Anatomy Flashcards
Where does the ureters blood supply arise from?
Renal, gonadal, vesical, and vaginal arteries, depending on region it is crossing
What is the innervation of the ureters?
Sympathetic: renal plexus, T11-12 (inhibits peristalsis)
Para: vagus nerve (enhances peristalsis)
What important muscles does the ureter pass?
Passes along anterior portion of spots muscle
Where is pain from the ureter referred to?
Lower abdominal wall, inguinal region, medial thighs
What makes up bladder muscle?
Destrusor muscle
Except in trig one area
What is the blood supply of the bladder?
Internal iliac arteries via
Superior vesical arteries
Inferior vesical arteries (males)
Vaginal arteries (females)
What is the venous drainage of the bladder?
Vesical venous plexus drains to internal iliac veins
What is the innervation of the bladder?
Sympathetic: T11-L3 (inhibits urination by contracting internal sphincter)
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves (stimulate detrusor muscle and relax sphincter to stimulate urination)
Which fibers carry pain from the bladder?
Inferior: parasympathetic
Superior: sympathetic
What are the parts of the male urethra?
Pre-prostatic-passes through neck of bladder, surrounded by internal sphincter
Prostatic: surrounded by prostate, receives ejaculatory ducts
Membranous: Apex of prostate to bulb of the penis- passes through perineal membrane in urogenital triangle, surrounded by external urethral sphincter
Spongy: runs from bulb of penis to external urethral orifice
Innervation of the urethra
Sympathetic/parasympathetic : prostatic nerve plexus
How do male external genitalia develop?
- Both sexes develop s genital tubercle, labioscrotal swellkngs, urogenital folds, around 4weeks
- Tubercle to phallus to penis
- Urogenital folds fuse to form spongy urethra
- Labioscrotal swellings fuse to form scrotum
- Testes descend from abdominal cavity along gubernaculum testis
What structures does the spermatic cord include?
Ductus deferents
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus (becomes testicular vein)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers
Lymphatic vessels
Remnant of processes vaginalis
Cremaster muscle
Cremaster muscle
Adjusts testis height according to temperature
Tunica vaginalis
Extension of the peritoneum, forms a closed sac round testes, small amount of fluid allows free movement
Tunica albuginea
Capsule of connective tissue that surrounds the testes, overlaid by tunica vaginalis
Seminiferous tubules
Site of spermatozoa production
Tubules within lobules of testes
Ductus deferens
Muscular tube that transmits sperm from the scrotum to the pelvis
Begins at tail of epididymis
Epididymis
Highly coiled tubule where sperm are stored and mature
Posterior surface of testes
testicular blood supply
From the abdominal aorta- testicular artery
Rich collaterals with cremasteric artery, external pudendal artery
Testicular innervation
Sympathetic: greater splanchnic nerve
Parasympathetic: vagus nerve
Scrotal blood supply
Anterior and posterior scrotal arteries, arising from the femoral artery
Testicular venous drainage
From pampiniform plexus, drains into right IVC or left renal vein
Helps regulate heat exchange
Scrotal innervation
Lumbar and sacral plexi
Seminal gland
Produces high fructose sperm fluid, ducts meet ductus deferens and ejaculatory ducts
Penis innervation
Sympathetic: least splanchnic
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic
