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2nd Year - ENT > Anatomy 5 - Larynx > Flashcards

Anatomy 5 - Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What fascia of the neck is the larynx enclosed within?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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2
Q

What structures are enclosed within the pre tracheal fascia? (5)

A 
Strap muscles
Thyroid gland
Trachea and larynx
Oesophagus and pharynx 
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
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3
Q

What layer of the pre tracheal fascia is the larynx located in?

A

Visceral layer

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4
Q

What is the function of the strap muscles?

A

Accessory muscles of breathing

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5
Q

What nerves interact the strap muscles?

A

C1, 2 and 3 nerve roots

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6
Q

Region of the pharynx from the epiglottis to the oesophagus?

A

Laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Contents of the carotid sheath?

A 
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Deep vertical lymph nodes
CN X
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8
Q

What vertebral levels does the larynx lie between?

A

C4-C6

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9
Q

Name of bony part palpable at the posterior base of the skull?

A

External occipital protuberance

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10
Q

What process reduces the chance of aspiration?

A

Rising of the larynx towards the oesophagus

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11
Q

What reflex is engaged if aspiration occurs?

A

Cough reflex

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12
Q

What direction does the epiglottis move aiding the closure of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Posteriorly

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13
Q

If something is aspirated, what lung is it most likely to go down?

A

Right lung

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14
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Palate

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15
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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16
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Component of the respiratory tract from cartilage, joined by connective tissue and suspended from the hyoid bone which is moved by muscles -> contains the “voice box”

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17
Q

3 functions of larynx?

A

Maintain potency of URT
Cartilages help prevent entry of foreign bodies into LRT
Vocal cords and cough reflex produce sound

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18
Q

What is the larynx located between?

A

Pharynx and trachea

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19
Q

Name of the sheet of connective tissue located between the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

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20
Q

Name of the part of the thyroid cartilage posteriorly which sticks up?

A

Superior horn of the thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

Name of the part of the thyroid cartilage posteriorly that sticks down?

A

Inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

Name of the part of the thyroid cartilage which forms the Adam’s apple?

A

Laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartialge

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23
Q

Name of the cartilage below the thyroid cartilage?

A

Cricoid cartialge

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24
Q

Name of the joint between the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage?

A

Cricothyroid joint

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25
What shape are the tracheal rings?
C-shaped
26
Difference between epiglottis in adults and neonates?
More floppy in neonates
27
Name of the large flat bit of the thyroid cartilage?
Lamina
28
Small cartilages located on the posterior side of the larynx just above the cricoid cartilage?
Arytenoid cartilages
29
Joint between the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages?
Cricoarytenoid joint
30
What are the 2 processes of the arytenoid cartilages?
Muscular process | Vocal process
31
Describe the cricoid pressure manoeuvre
Press on the cricoid cartilage Lamina of the cricoid cartilage compresses the oesophagus by pressing it against the C6 vertebral body Oesophagus is closed by the larynx/ airway is open Prevents regurgitation/ aspiration Allows ventilation
32
Other name for the laryngeal inlet?
Aditus
33
Name for the top part of the larynx?
Laryngeal vestibule
34
Other name for the vestibular fold?
False vocal cord
35
Part of the larynx between the false vocal cord and true vocal cord?
Laryngeal ventricle
36
Other name for the vocal fold?
True vocal cord
37
Part of the larynx below the true vocal cord?
Infra-glottic cavity
38
What are vocal cords?
Free borders of mucosa covered connective tissue in the larynx
39
What makes the true vocal cords?
Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartialge
40
What is the vocal process between that forms the false vocal cord?
Arytenoid cartilage to epiglottis
41
What does the quadrangular membrane run between?
Vestibular ligament and epiglottis
42
What makes up the vestibular fold along with mucosa?
Vestibular ligament
43
Name of the elastic fibres between the vocal ligament and cricoid?
Conus elasticus
44
Name of the thickened free upper border of the conus elasticus?
Vocal ligament
45
Name of the space between the epiglottis and tongue?
Vallecula
46
Name of the space between the true vocal cords?
Rima glottidis
47
Name of the superior border of the quadrangular membrane?
Aryepiglottic fold
48
What is the name for the true vocal cords and space between them?
Glottis (vs rima glottides which is the space only)
49
What type of muscles are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Skeletal msucles
50
What is the purpose of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Located between cartilages causing movement of the vocal cords
51
Effect of increasing tension of vocal cords?
Increases pitch
52
Effect of adduction of vocal cords?
Quieter
53
Effect of abduction of vocal cords?
Louder
54
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
CN X (vagus nerve) -> all via inferior laryngeal nerve (apart form circiothyroid)
55
Tensors of the vocal cords?
Cricothyroid muscles
56
Relaxors of the vocal cords?
Thyroarytenoid muscles
57
Adductors of the vocal cords?
Lateral circo-arytenoid muscles | Arytenoid muscles
58
Abductors of the vocal cords?
Posterior crico-arytenoid muscles
59
What effect do the cricothyroid muscles have?
Tenses vocal ligament increasing pitch (high voice) -> "nods" thyroid cartilage
60
Attachments of the cricothyroid muscle?
Anterolateral cricoid cartilage to inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
61
Effect of thyroarytenoid muscles?
Relaxes vocal ligament decreasing pitch (lowering voice)
62
Attachments of thyroarytenoid muscles?
Posterior thyroid to anterior arytenoid cartilage
63
Effect of lateral circa-arytenoid muscles?
Adducts/ brings vocal ligaments together making voice quieter
64
Attachments of lateral circa-arytenoid muscles?
Muscular process of the arytenoid to anterior cricoid cartilage (muscle twists on its axis)
65
Effect of arytenoid muscles?
Adducts/ brings vocal ligaments together making voice quieter by closing rima glottidis
66
Attachments of the arytenoid muscles?
One arytenoid cartilage to another arytenoid cartilage
67
Name of the 2 different bands of the arytenoid muscles?
Oblique band | Transverse band
68
Effect of posterior circa-arytenoid muscles?
Abducts vocal cords making voice louder by opening rima glottidis
69
Attachments of the posterior circa-arytenoid muscles?
Posterior cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
70
Shape of rima glottidis during forced respiration?
Posterior crico-arytenoids contract = vocal cords open = big rima glottidis
71
Shape of rima glottidis during phonation?
Arytenoids contract, assist lateral crico-arytenoids = vocal cords closed (no rima glottidis)
72
Shape of rima glottidis when whispering?
Lateral crico-arytenoids contract = only posterior part of vocal cords open
73
What muscles are involved in inspiration?
Diaphragm and/ or intercostal muscles
74
What muscles are involved in controlled expiration?
Contraction of anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (helps build pressure in respiratory tree inferior to larynx) -> pressure required depends on vocal task
75
What is phonation?
Production of sound in the larynx
76
How is phonation produced?
Expiration of a stream of air across vocal cords | Length/ tension of vocal cords dictates pitch by vibration of the cords
77
Name for production of a recognisable sound within the oral or nasal cavities?
Articulation
78
How are oral sounds produced?
Soft palate tenses (CN V3) and elevates (CN X) to close off entrance into nasopharynx direction stream of air through the oral cavity Sound interrupted by the tongue and teeth and lips (CN VII) to produce most vowels and consonants
79
How are nasal sounds produced?
Soft palate tenses (CN V3) and descends (CN X) to close off entrance into oropharynx Directs stream of air through nasal cavities Produces one of 3 sounds "m", "n" or "ing" depending on position of tongue (CN XII) teeth and lips (CN VII)
80
What nerve supplies the mucosa above the vocal folds?
Internal laryngeal nerve
81
What nerve supplies the mucosa below the vocal folds?
Inferior laryngeal nerve
82
What branch of the vagus nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle?
External laryngeal nerve
83
What does recurrent laryngeal nerve become at the level of the cricothyroid joint?
Inferior laryngeal nerve
84
Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?
The arch of the aorta
85
Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?
The subclavian artery
86
What skull foramen does the vagus nerve pass through?
The jugular foramen
87
What does the vagus nerve descend through the neck within?
the carotid sheath

2nd Year - ENT (7 decks)

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