Anatomy 4 - Anatomy of the Mouth and Pharynx Flashcards
1
Q
Where is the oral vestibule located between?
A
The lips and teeth
2
Q
What marks the posterior border of the oral cavity proper?
A
Palatine tonsils
3
Q
What are the 2 main sections of the oral cavity?
A
Oral vestibule
Oral cavity proper
4
Q
Which surface is the ventral surface of the tongue?
A
Underneath
5
Q
What veins can be seen obviously under the tongue (pretty superficial)?
A
Deep lingual vein
6
Q
Name of the small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue?
A
Frenulum
7
Q
Name of the small prominence on either side of the frenulum?
A
Sublingual caruncle
8
Q
Name of the elevation of tissue on the floor of the mouth under the tongue?
A
Sublingual fold
9
Q
What opens at the sublingual caruncle?
A
Submandibular glands
10
Q
Names of the 2 muscles of the floor of the mouth?
A
Geniohyoid (midline)
Mylohoid (bigger more broad muscle)
11
Q
Innervation of geniohyoid muscle?
A
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
12
Q
Innervation of mylohyoid muscle?
A
CN V3
13
Q
3 major salivary glands?
A
Parotid (near ear)
Submandibular (under mandible)
Sublingual (under tongue)
14
Q
What type of salivary glands produce basal secretion of salvia to keep the mouth moist?
A
Minor glands (1000’s in oral mucosa)
15
Q
What stimulates salivation?
A
Thought, sight, smell of food or presence of food in mouth
Painful oral conditions
16
Q
Course of parotid duct?
A
Crosses face secreting saliva into mouth by upper 2nd molar
17
Q
Course of submandibular duct?
A
Enters floor of mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle
18
Q
How does the sublingual gland secrete saliva?
A
Lays in floor of mouth secreting via several ducts superiorly
19
Q
What nerve is chorda tympani a branch of?
A
CN VII (facial nerve)
20
Q
What nerve branch does the chorda tympani branch of CN VII connect with?
A
Lingual nerve branch CN V3
21
Q
What 2 things does the chorda tympani branch supply?
A
Parasympathetic secretomotor axons to sublingual salivary gland and submandibular salivary glands
Special sensory to anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
22
Q
What nerve supplies sublingual gland?
A
Chorda tympani branch of CNVII
23
Q
What nerve supplies submandibular gland?
A
Chorda tympani branch of CNVII
24
Q
What nerve supplies the parotid gland?
A
CN IX (hitches a rid on branches of CNV3)
25
What type of muscle is the tongue?
Skeletal muscle
26
Taste and general sensory supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
CN IX
27
Taste and general sensory supply to anterior 2/3rds of tongue?
General sensory = CN V3
| Taste = CN VII
28
Type of tongue papillae?
| Which one doesn't contain taste buds?
Foliate, vallate, fungiform (all taste buds)
| Filliform (touch, temperature, etc.)
29
Name of the v-shaped shallow groove that separates the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the posterior 1/3rd?
Sulcus terminalis
30
Name of the tip of the sulcus terminalis?
| What attaches here embryologically?
Foramen caecum
| Thyroglossal duct
31
Where does the thyroid gland originate?
In the pharynx and descends through the foramen caecum of the tongue
32
Where can thyroglossal duct cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue be located?
In the midline migratory path
33
Why do thyroid swellings move superiorly then inferiorly on swallowing?
Due to attachment to the larynx
34
Name of the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
35
Function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech
36
How many intrinsic muscles of the tongue are there?
4 pairs
37
Where are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue mainly located?
Dorsally/ posteriorly
38
What is the purpose of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Modify the shape of the tongue during function
39
What is the name of cell bodies associated with the facial nerve within the petrous portion of the temporal bone?
Geniculate ganglion
40
Nerve supply to the muscles of the tongue?
All CN XII except palatoglossus = CN X
41
Where in the CNS does CN XII attach?
Medulla oblongata
42
Base of skull foramen part of course of CN XII?
Hypoglossal canal in occipital bone
43
Extra cranial part of hypoglossal nerve course?
Descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath
At level of hyoid bone it passes anteriorly towards the lateral aspect of the tongue
Supplies most of the muscles of the tongue
44
Clinical testing of CN XII?
Ask the patient to stick their tongue straight out
If both CN XII's are functional, the tongue tip remains in the midline upon protrusion
In unilateral CN XII damage, the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve
45
Where do arteries of the tongue pass in relation to the hyoglossus?
Medial
46
Where do nerves pass in relation to the hyoglossus?
Lateral
47
Where does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) pass in relation to the "loop" of the lingual artery?
Anteriorly through the neck lateral to the "loop" of the lingual artery
48
Name of dangly part of the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity?
Uvula
49
What forms the arches of the soft palate?
Skeletal muscles covered in mucosa
50
What is located between the arches of the soft palate?
Palatine tonsils
51
Name of the thick, horizontal process of the maxilla that forms the anterior 3 quarters of the hard palate?
Palatine process of maxilla
52
Name of the foramen just in front of the front teeth that transmits the greater palatine vessels from oral to nasal cavity and nasopalatine nerve in the opposite direction?
Incisive foramen
53
What is the name of the plane suture in the midline of the hard palate?
Median palatine suture
54
What parts of the sphenoid bone is located next to the palatine bone?
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
55
What passes through the greater and lesser palatine foramina?
Branches of CN V2
| Branches of maxillary artery
56
Name of the bumpy parts on the upper palate just behind the upper gingivae?
Palatal rugae
57
Type of epithelium on the soft palate?
Non-keratinsed stratified squamous epithelium
58
Type of epithelium on the hard palate?
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
59
Name of the hook like structure extending from the medial ptyerygoid plate of the sphenoid bone?
Pterygoid hamulus
60
Muscles of the soft palate? (5)
```
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Musculus uvulae
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
```
61
Nerve supply to the skeletal muscles of the soft palate?
All = CN X, except tensor veli palatini (which = CN V3)
62
Action of tensor veli palatini?
Tenses palatine aponeurosis
63
Action of levator veli palatini?
Lifts palatine aponeurosis
64
Action of palatopharyngeus?
Lifts pharynx and thyroid cartialge
65
Action of palatoglossus muscle?
Brings tongue and soft palate together
66
Action of musculus uvulae?
Shortens uvula
67
3 functions of the soft palate?
Acts as a trapdoor:
Stops food entering the nose during swallowing
Directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting
Helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex
68
Clinical testing of CN X?
Ask the patient to say "Ahhh"
If the nerves are functioning normally the uvula should lift straight up in the midline
If there is unilateral nerve pathology, the uvula will be pulled away from the non-functioning side by the normal side
69
What are the 2 layers of the muscles of the pharynx?
Outer circular layer
| Inner longitudinal layer
70
What type of muscles make up the outer circular layer of pharyngeal muscles?
3 constrictor muscles
71
What type of muscles make up the inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles?
3 paired vertical muscles
72
What type of muscles are the pharyngeal muscles?
Skeletal = voluntary
73
Purpose of the outer circular layer of pharyngeal muscles?
Pushes food bolus inferiorly towards oesophagus (by sequential contraction)
74
Purpose of the inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles?
Pulls larynx superiorly shortening pharynx during swallowing
75
Innervation of the muscles of the pharynx?
CN X (except stylopharyngeus = CN IX)
76
Name of the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
Superior/ middle/ inferior pharyngeal constrictor
77
Attachments of superior pharyngeal constrictor?
Pterygoid hamalus
Pterygomandibular raphe (ligamentous band)
Mylohyoid line
78
Attachment of the middle pharyngeal constrictor?
Greater horn of the hyoid
79
Attachment of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?
Thyroid cartilage
| Cricoid cartilage
80
How are the outer circular pharyngeal muscles innervated?
By CN X (via pharyngeal plexus)
81
What do all of the outer circular pharyngeal muscles insert onto in the posterior midline?
Midline raphe
82
3 pairs of inner pharyngeal longitudinal muscles?
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpinogopharyngeus
83
What does salpingopharyngeus attach to?
Cartilage of pharyngotympanic membrane
84
What does the stylopharyngess pass through the gateway of the mouth with?
The glossopharyngeal nerve
85
What nerve supplies stylopharyngeus?
CN IX
86
Name of the opening of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx?
Choanae
87
Name of the base of the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube?
Torus tubarius
88
Name of the deep recess behind the ostium of the eustachian tube?
Pharyngeal recess
89
Ridge of mucous membrane overlying the salpingopharyngeus muscle?
Salpingopharyngeal fold
90
Fold of mucous membrane passing from the soft palate to the side of the tongue, frming the anterior margin of the tonsillar fossa?
Palatoglossal arch
91
Fold of mucous membrane just in front of tonsil?
Palatopharyngeal arch
92
Inlet to larynx name?
Laryngeal aditius
93
a recess in the anterolateral wall of the laryngopharynx on each side of the vestible of the larynx?
Piriform fossa
94
Where is Waldeyer's tonsillar ring located?
With in the mucosa of the nasopharynx and oropharynx
95
Name the 4 tonsils that make up Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid -> name when pathological)
Tubal tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil
96
What is the name of the type of lymph nodes that first receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure?
Regional nodes
97
Regional nodes for the tip of the tongue?
Submental nodes
98
Name of the lymph nodes in the neck superficial to the submandibular gland?
Submandibular nodes
99
Name of lymph nodes in the retropharyngeal space?
Retropharyngeal nodes
100
Name of lymph nodes that drain the palatine tonsils?
Jugulo-digastric nodes
101
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes located?
In the carotid sheath along the internal jugular vein
102
Other name for pre-auricular lymph nodes?
Parotid
103
Other name for post-auricular lymph nodes?
Mastoid
104
What vessel are the superficial cervical nodes located along?
The external jugular vein
