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2nd Year - ENT > Anatomy 4 - Anatomy of the Mouth and Pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy 4 - Anatomy of the Mouth and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the oral vestibule located between?

A

The lips and teeth

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2
Q

What marks the posterior border of the oral cavity proper?

A

Palatine tonsils

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3
Q

What are the 2 main sections of the oral cavity?

A

Oral vestibule

Oral cavity proper

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4
Q

Which surface is the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

Underneath

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5
Q

What veins can be seen obviously under the tongue (pretty superficial)?

A

Deep lingual vein

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6
Q

Name of the small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue?

A

Frenulum

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7
Q

Name of the small prominence on either side of the frenulum?

A

Sublingual caruncle

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8
Q

Name of the elevation of tissue on the floor of the mouth under the tongue?

A

Sublingual fold

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9
Q

What opens at the sublingual caruncle?

A

Submandibular glands

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10
Q

Names of the 2 muscles of the floor of the mouth?

A

Geniohyoid (midline)

Mylohoid (bigger more broad muscle)

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11
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid muscle?

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

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12
Q

Innervation of mylohyoid muscle?

A

CN V3

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13
Q

3 major salivary glands?

A

Parotid (near ear)
Submandibular (under mandible)
Sublingual (under tongue)

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14
Q

What type of salivary glands produce basal secretion of salvia to keep the mouth moist?

A

Minor glands (1000’s in oral mucosa)

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15
Q

What stimulates salivation?

A

Thought, sight, smell of food or presence of food in mouth

Painful oral conditions

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16
Q

Course of parotid duct?

A

Crosses face secreting saliva into mouth by upper 2nd molar

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17
Q

Course of submandibular duct?

A

Enters floor of mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle

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18
Q

How does the sublingual gland secrete saliva?

A

Lays in floor of mouth secreting via several ducts superiorly

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19
Q

What nerve is chorda tympani a branch of?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

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20
Q

What nerve branch does the chorda tympani branch of CN VII connect with?

A

Lingual nerve branch CN V3

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21
Q

What 2 things does the chorda tympani branch supply?

A

Parasympathetic secretomotor axons to sublingual salivary gland and submandibular salivary glands
Special sensory to anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

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22
Q

What nerve supplies sublingual gland?

A

Chorda tympani branch of CNVII

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23
Q

What nerve supplies submandibular gland?

A

Chorda tympani branch of CNVII

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24
Q

What nerve supplies the parotid gland?

A

CN IX (hitches a rid on branches of CNV3)

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25
Q

What type of muscle is the tongue?

A

Skeletal muscle

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26
Q

Taste and general sensory supply to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

CN IX

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27
Q

Taste and general sensory supply to anterior 2/3rds of tongue?

A

General sensory = CN V3

Taste = CN VII

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28
Q

Type of tongue papillae?

Which one doesn’t contain taste buds?

A

Foliate, vallate, fungiform (all taste buds)

Filliform (touch, temperature, etc.)

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29
Q

Name of the v-shaped shallow groove that separates the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the posterior 1/3rd?

A

Sulcus terminalis

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30
Q

Name of the tip of the sulcus terminalis?

What attaches here embryologically?

A

Foramen caecum

Thyroglossal duct

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31
Q

Where does the thyroid gland originate?

A

In the pharynx and descends through the foramen caecum of the tongue

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32
Q

Where can thyroglossal duct cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue be located?

A

In the midline migratory path

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33
Q

Why do thyroid swellings move superiorly then inferiorly on swallowing?

A

Due to attachment to the larynx

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34
Q

Name of the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

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35
Q

Function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

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36
Q

How many intrinsic muscles of the tongue are there?

A

4 pairs

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37
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue mainly located?

A

Dorsally/ posteriorly

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38
Q

What is the purpose of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Modify the shape of the tongue during function

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39
Q

What is the name of cell bodies associated with the facial nerve within the petrous portion of the temporal bone?

A

Geniculate ganglion

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40
Q

Nerve supply to the muscles of the tongue?

A

All CN XII except palatoglossus = CN X

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41
Q

Where in the CNS does CN XII attach?

A

Medulla oblongata

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42
Q

Base of skull foramen part of course of CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal canal in occipital bone

43
Q

Extra cranial part of hypoglossal nerve course?

A

Descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath
At level of hyoid bone it passes anteriorly towards the lateral aspect of the tongue
Supplies most of the muscles of the tongue

44
Q

Clinical testing of CN XII?

A

Ask the patient to stick their tongue straight out
If both CN XII’s are functional, the tongue tip remains in the midline upon protrusion
In unilateral CN XII damage, the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve

45
Q

Where do arteries of the tongue pass in relation to the hyoglossus?

46
Q

Where do nerves pass in relation to the hyoglossus?

47
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) pass in relation to the “loop” of the lingual artery?

A

Anteriorly through the neck lateral to the “loop” of the lingual artery

48
Q

Name of dangly part of the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity?

49
Q

What forms the arches of the soft palate?

A

Skeletal muscles covered in mucosa

50
Q

What is located between the arches of the soft palate?

A

Palatine tonsils

51
Q

Name of the thick, horizontal process of the maxilla that forms the anterior 3 quarters of the hard palate?

A

Palatine process of maxilla

52
Q

Name of the foramen just in front of the front teeth that transmits the greater palatine vessels from oral to nasal cavity and nasopalatine nerve in the opposite direction?

A

Incisive foramen

53
Q

What is the name of the plane suture in the midline of the hard palate?

A

Median palatine suture

54
Q

What parts of the sphenoid bone is located next to the palatine bone?

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

55
Q

What passes through the greater and lesser palatine foramina?

A

Branches of CN V2

Branches of maxillary artery

56
Q

Name of the bumpy parts on the upper palate just behind the upper gingivae?

A

Palatal rugae

57
Q

Type of epithelium on the soft palate?

A

Non-keratinsed stratified squamous epithelium

58
Q

Type of epithelium on the hard palate?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

59
Q

Name of the hook like structure extending from the medial ptyerygoid plate of the sphenoid bone?

A

Pterygoid hamulus

60
Q

Muscles of the soft palate? (5)

A 
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Musculus uvulae
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
61
Q

Nerve supply to the skeletal muscles of the soft palate?

A

All = CN X, except tensor veli palatini (which = CN V3)

62
Q

Action of tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses palatine aponeurosis

63
Q

Action of levator veli palatini?

A

Lifts palatine aponeurosis

64
Q

Action of palatopharyngeus?

A

Lifts pharynx and thyroid cartialge

65
Q

Action of palatoglossus muscle?

A

Brings tongue and soft palate together

66
Q

Action of musculus uvulae?

A

Shortens uvula

67
Q

3 functions of the soft palate?

A

Acts as a trapdoor:
Stops food entering the nose during swallowing
Directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting
Helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

68
Q

Clinical testing of CN X?

A

Ask the patient to say “Ahhh”
If the nerves are functioning normally the uvula should lift straight up in the midline
If there is unilateral nerve pathology, the uvula will be pulled away from the non-functioning side by the normal side

69
Q

What are the 2 layers of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Outer circular layer

Inner longitudinal layer

70
Q

What type of muscles make up the outer circular layer of pharyngeal muscles?

A

3 constrictor muscles

71
Q

What type of muscles make up the inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles?

A

3 paired vertical muscles

72
Q

What type of muscles are the pharyngeal muscles?

A

Skeletal = voluntary

73
Q

Purpose of the outer circular layer of pharyngeal muscles?

A

Pushes food bolus inferiorly towards oesophagus (by sequential contraction)

74
Q

Purpose of the inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles?

A

Pulls larynx superiorly shortening pharynx during swallowing

75
Q

Innervation of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X (except stylopharyngeus = CN IX)

76
Q

Name of the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior/ middle/ inferior pharyngeal constrictor

77
Q

Attachments of superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Pterygoid hamalus
Pterygomandibular raphe (ligamentous band)
Mylohyoid line

78
Q

Attachment of the middle pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Greater horn of the hyoid

79
Q

Attachment of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

80
Q

How are the outer circular pharyngeal muscles innervated?

A

By CN X (via pharyngeal plexus)

81
Q

What do all of the outer circular pharyngeal muscles insert onto in the posterior midline?

A

Midline raphe

82
Q

3 pairs of inner pharyngeal longitudinal muscles?

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpinogopharyngeus

83
Q

What does salpingopharyngeus attach to?

A

Cartilage of pharyngotympanic membrane

84
Q

What does the stylopharyngess pass through the gateway of the mouth with?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

85
Q

What nerve supplies stylopharyngeus?

86
Q

Name of the opening of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx?

87
Q

Name of the base of the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube?

A

Torus tubarius

88
Q

Name of the deep recess behind the ostium of the eustachian tube?

A

Pharyngeal recess

89
Q

Ridge of mucous membrane overlying the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

Salpingopharyngeal fold

90
Q

Fold of mucous membrane passing from the soft palate to the side of the tongue, frming the anterior margin of the tonsillar fossa?

A

Palatoglossal arch

91
Q

Fold of mucous membrane just in front of tonsil?

A

Palatopharyngeal arch

92
Q

Inlet to larynx name?

A

Laryngeal aditius

93
Q

a recess in the anterolateral wall of the laryngopharynx on each side of the vestible of the larynx?

A

Piriform fossa

94
Q

Where is Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring located?

A

With in the mucosa of the nasopharynx and oropharynx

95
Q

Name the 4 tonsils that make up Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring?

A

Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid -> name when pathological)
Tubal tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil

96
Q

What is the name of the type of lymph nodes that first receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure?

A

Regional nodes

97
Q

Regional nodes for the tip of the tongue?

A

Submental nodes

98
Q

Name of the lymph nodes in the neck superficial to the submandibular gland?

A

Submandibular nodes

99
Q

Name of lymph nodes in the retropharyngeal space?

A

Retropharyngeal nodes

100
Q

Name of lymph nodes that drain the palatine tonsils?

A

Jugulo-digastric nodes

101
Q

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes located?

A

In the carotid sheath along the internal jugular vein

102
Q

Other name for pre-auricular lymph nodes?

103
Q

Other name for post-auricular lymph nodes?

104
Q

What vessel are the superficial cervical nodes located along?

A

The external jugular vein

2nd Year - ENT (7 decks)

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