Anatomy 4 - Urinary tract Flashcards
do the kidneys ascend into their position before or after the gut and mesentery become attached to the PAW?
before
what muscle are the kidneys posterior to?
quadratus loborum
what level is the upper pole of the kidney?
T12
what is the role of perinephric fat surrounding the kidneys?
cushioning against neighbouring ribs to prevent bruising and maintain core temperature of the organ
what level do the renal arteries branch out the aorta?
L2
what is found in the renal sinus?
renal pelvis, renal vessels plus some fat
where do the ureters originate from?
renal pelvis
the ureter crosses the anterior surface of which muscle?
psoas major
at what level does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?
at the bifurcation of the iliac arteries (L4)
what surface of the bladder do the ureters enter?
posterior surface
what areas of the ureter are more prone to stones developing?
when it makes sharp changes in direct eg over the iliac arteries
when empty - what area does the bladder occupy?
the lesser pelvis
what area does the bladder occupy when full?
lesser pelvis as well as abdominal space
what area would allow access to the bladder if the urethra wasn’t working?
suprapubic
what muscle gives the bladder its rugged appearance
detrusor muscle
what region of the bladder is inferior and smooth?
trigone
where do the ureters open into in the bladder?
the top two corners of the trigone
what are the four main bones in the abdominal region?
ribs 11/2, lunar vertebrae, ilium and sacrum
what type of vessels target somatic structures *skin, muscle, bone, cartilage)
segmental
what is an example of segmental vessels?
lumbar vessels
what type of vessels target viscera?
paired (renal) or midline (coeliac, SMA, IMA)
at what level is the bifurcation of the aorta to iliac arteries and what is anterior to?
level 4/5 anterior to the sacroiliac joint
where do the external iliac vessels pass under and what do they become?
pass under the inguinal canal to become femoral vessels
what are the four main muscles in the PAW?
- diaphragm
- quadratus lobo rum
- iliacus
- psoas major and minor
what anchors the diaphragm to lumbar vertebrae?
the crura
what type of hernia occurs from the stomach being pushed through a hiatus in the diaphragm?
sliding hernia
what type of hernia occurs when a small bleb of stomach passes through a diaphragmatic hiatus?
paraoesophagheal hernia
where does the quadratus loborum project from and to?
from the iliac crest to rib 12 as well as lateral edges of TV abdominis
what is the main action of the QL?
provides abdominal stability and some lateral bending of the trunk
where does the illiacus and psoas originate from?
iliac from the iliac fossa and psoas from bodies of the lumbar vertebrae
where do the iliacus and psoas travel and insert after they have joined to be the illipsoas
under the inguinal ligament and attach onto the lesser trochanter of the femur
what is the action of the illipsoas?
hip flexors - bring the thigh upwards
what level do nerves that innervate the abdomen exit the spine?
L1-4 then converge into the lumbar plexus
where do nerves supplying bv, sweat glands, erector pili in the abdomen come from?
paravertebral sympathetic chain
where do nerves supplying the abdominal viscera come from?
prevertebral splanchnic nerves
what is the parasympathetic innervation to the abdominal viscera?
vagus nerve
