Anatomy 2 - GI tract Flashcards
which ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
falciform ligament
what area of the abdomen is the stomach found in?
left upper quadrant
where does the greater omentum originate and where does it extend too?
originates at the lower border of the stomach and extends to the transverse colon
where does the lesser omentum attach on the stomach?
lesser curvature of the stomach
where does the greater omentum attach on the stomach?
greater curvature
what is the opening called from the oesophagus to the stomach?
cardiac orifice
what area of the stomach has a thicker circular muscle wall?
the pyloric region (pyloric sphincter)
where does the small intestine start and end
starts at the pylorus of stomach and extends to the ileocaecal valve
where is the root of the fan shaped mesentery on the small intestine?
runs from the duodenal jejunal flexure to the ileocaecal junction
what level does the ascending turn ventrally to the duodenal jejunal flexure?
L2
where does the large intestine start and end?
starts at the ileocaecal joint and ends at the anus
which flexure is between the ascending and TV colon?
right colic (hepatic) flexure
which flexure is between the TV and descending colon?
left colic (splenic) flexure
which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?
ascending and descending
which parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?
transverse and signmoid
what do the haustra of the large intestine do and what does an absence of these cause?
haustra responsible for slow segmenting contractions every 25 mins and are lost in ulcerative colitis
what do the taniea coli produce when contracted?
haustra
what area of the large intestine are epiploic appendices not found?
in the rectum
what level does the coeliac artery leave the aorta?
T12
what are the three branches of the coeliac trunk?
left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries
what does the splenic artery supply?
spleen and pancreas
What does the common hepatic supply and what are its three branches?
supplies the liver and branches into hepatic artery proper, right gastric and gastroduodenal
what level does the SMA arise from the aorta and where is it usually observed?
L1 and usually observed where it crosses the duodenal jejunal flexure
what does the SMA supply
midgut - second half of duodenum to midpoint of TV colon
what are the four main branches of the SMA and what do they supply?
jejunal/ileal - supply jejunum and ileum
ileocaecal - supplies between ileum and caecum
right colic - supplies ascending colon
middle colic - supplies TV colon
what level does the IMA branch from the aorta and what are its three main branches?
L2/L3
branches into left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal
what does the left colic branch of the IMA supply?
the descending colon
at the joining of what two veins forms the portal vein?
splenic and superior mesenteric
what are the two sources of sympathetic innervation to the GI tract?
sympathetic chain and prevertebral ganglia
where are the prevertebral ganglia located and where do the nerves go after leaving the ganglia?
locked anterior to the abdominal aorta and go into plexuses (sup and inf hypogastric) after leaving ganglia
what do the prevertbral ganglia target in the GI tract?
control of GI function such as secretion of mucus, digestive enzymes or bile production
what do the nerves from the sympathetic chain target in the Gi tract?
the blood vessels only
what is the main parasympathetic input to the foregut and midgut?
vagus nerve
what is the parasympathetic input to the hindgut?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
where do pelvic splanchnic nerves exit the spine?
S2-S4
