Anatomy Flashcards
Electron micrograph of an alveolar wall
What does a type 1 pneumocyte do?
Most common pneumocyte - for gas exchange
What does a type 2 pneumocyte do?
Makes surfactant
What pneumocyte can become the other for repartive purposes?
Type 2 to type 1
What is the most common source of a PE and its pathway?
From the deep veins - IVC - RA - RV - Pulmonary artery
What is a paradoxical emboli?
Venous clot that reaches the arterial system
How does a paradoxical emboli occur?
PDA
Atrial or ventricular septal defect
Foramen ovale
What helps to limit the flow of a paradoxical emboli?
left sided heart pressure
What are some sources of arterial embolis?
AF
Infected valve
Atrial myxoma
Atherosclerotic plaque
What are some other emboli sources?
Far (fracture)
Air (divers)
Tumour
Schistosomiasis
Amniotic fluid
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there on each side?
Right - 10
3 upper
2 middle
5 lower
Left - 8
4 upper
4 lower
What are the right broncho pulmonary segments
Upper
Apical
Posterior
Anterior
Lateral
Medial
Superior
Medial basal
Anterior basal
Lateral Basal
Posterior basal
APALM Seed Makes Another Little Palm
What are the left broncho pulmonary segments
Apicoposterior
Anterior
Superior
Inferior
ASIA
Antero medial (anterior and medial)
Anterior
Lateral
Posterior
AMALP
How many bronchiole arteries are there and where do they come from?
Right - One - Intercostal (travels from left)
Left - Two - Aorta
What is the venous drainage of the bronchopulmonary segments?
Bronchiole veins or pulmonary vein (anastamoses of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood)
What can be an ECG pattern in PE?
S1 Q3 T3
Large S wave in lead 1
Pathologial Q wave and inverted T in lead 3
CTof pulmonary vessels
What is this?
Pulmonary vein
What is this?
Pulmonary artery of left inferior lobe
What are the contents of the hilum?
vein is in ligament
Artery above
bronchus behind
