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13. Gastrointestinal > Anatomy 2. Stomach > Flashcards

Anatomy 2. Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the volume that the stomach can hold?

A

2-3 litres.

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2
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body, antrum, and pylorus.

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3
Q

What are the two curvatures of the stomach?

A

Greater and lesser curvatures.

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4
Q

Where is the oesophagogastric junction?

A

To the left of the T11 vertebra on the horizontal plane that passes through the tip of the xiphoid process.

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5
Q

What is the Z-line?

A

When the mucosa abruptly changes from oesophageal to gastric.

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6
Q

What forms the physiological sphincter of the stomach?

A

The diaphragmatic musculature that forms the oesophageal hiatus.

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7
Q

How is reflux of stomach contents prevented?

A

The physiological sphincter formed of the diaphragmatic musculature, and the cardiac notch.

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8
Q

What can chronic reflux lead to?

A

Metaplastic changes in the mucosa, Barrett’s oesophagus.

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9
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

At the pyloric end of the stomach, the circular muscle coat is thickened.

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10
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

A

Controls the discharge of the stomach contents through the pyloric orifice into the duodenum.

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11
Q

What are the stomach rugae?

A

Longitudinal folds of gastric mucosa.

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12
Q

When does a gastric canal form?

A

Temporarily when the stomach is empty, between the gastric folds along the lesser curvature.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the gastric canal?

A

Allows saliva and other fluids to pass along the pylorus.

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14
Q

What are the three histologically distinct zones of gastric mucosa?

A

Cardia, fundus and body, and pyloric.

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15
Q

What is the histology of the cardia of the stomach?

A

Neck cells secreting mucus.

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16
Q

What is the histology of the fundus and body of the stomach?

A

Neck cells secreting mucus, parietal cells secreting acid, chief cells secreting pepsinogen.

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17
Q

What is the histology of the pyloris of the stomach?

A

Neck cells secreting mucus, and G-cells secreting gastrin.

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18
Q

What do peptic ulcers most commonly occur?

A

In the antrum and along the lesser curvature of the stomach.

19
Q

What does perforation of peptic ulcers lead to?

A

Spillage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity, may affect abdominal structures like the pancreas and associated blood vessels close to the stomach.

20
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

A prominent, four-layered peritoneal fold that hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach.

21
Q

How does the greater ometnum fold back/

A

It attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery.

22
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

A smaller, double-layered peritoneal fold that connect the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver.

23
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

An opening posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum that allows the greater and lesser sacs to communicate.

24
Q

How can the epiploic foramen/ omental foramen be located?

A

By running a finger along the gall bladder to free the edge of the lesser omentum.

25
Q

Where does the coeliac trunk arise from?

A

The abdominal aorta.

26
Q

What does the coeliac trunk give rise to?

A

Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

27
Q

What is the blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

The left gastric artery from the coeliac trunk and the right gastric from the common hepatic artery from the coeliac trunk.

28
Q

What is the blood supply of the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

The left gastro-omental artery from the splenic then coeliac trunk. Also the right gastro-omental artery from the gastroduodenal then common hepatic then coeliac trunk.

29
Q

What is the blood supply of the fundus and body of the stomach?

A

The posterior gastric/ small gastric artery, from the splenic then coeliac trunk.

30
Q

What course does the left gastric vein follow?

A

The course of the left gastric artery.

31
Q

What does the left gastric vein drain into?

A

The hepatic portal vein.

32
Q

What course does the right gastric vein follow?

A

The course of the right gastric artery.

33
Q

What does the right gastric vein drain into?

A

The hepatic portal vein.

34
Q

What course does the short gastric vein follow?

A

The course of the short gastric artery.

35
Q

What does the short gastric vein drain into?

A

The splenic vein, joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

36
Q

What course does the left gastro-omental follow?

A

The course of the left gastro-omental artery.

37
Q

What does the left gastro-omental vein drain into?

A

Into the splenic vein, which joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

38
Q

What course does the right gastro-omental follow?

A

The course of the right gastro-omental artery.

39
Q

What does the right gastro-omental vein drain into?

A

Into the superior mesenteric vein, which joins the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein.

40
Q

What can cause acute gastritis?

A

NSAIDS or alcohol.

41
Q

What is the basic pathology of acute gastritis?

A

Exfoliation of the surface epithelial cells and decreases secretion of protective mucus.

42
Q

What can cause chronic gastritis?

A

Infection with the bacteria Helicobacter Pylori.

43
Q

What is the basic pathology of chronic gastritis?

A

Inflammatory changes in the mucosa that results in atrophy and epithelial metaplasia.

44
Q

What can chronic gastritis develop into?

A

Carcinoma.

13. Gastrointestinal (17 decks)

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