Anatomy 2: Exam 2 Material Lymph Vascular System

Question 0

The substance ____ bathes and surrounds the body’s cells and travels thru the body via lymphatic vessels.

Answer 0

Tissue fluid

Question 1

____ is a clear straw colored substance; formed from tissue fluid when tissue liquid enters the capillaries.

Answer 1

Lymph

Question 2

____ relies on muscular contractions, and is very sluggish, it has two ducts (right lymphatic & thoracic ducts) which go directly into the bloodstream in a one directional motion.

Answer 2

Lymph

Question 3

The functions of lymph are____.

Answer 3

Maintain proper tissue balance
Removes other waste products from the body
Body’s basic defense system

Question 4

Lymphoid tissues are ____, ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 4

Tonsils
Spleen
Thymus
Lymph nodes

Question 5

The three pairs of lymphoid tissue including the adenoids which protect the opening between the mouth cavity proper and oral pharynx are ____.

Answer 5

Tonsils

Question 6

The largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the human body is the ____, it helps the liver recycle red blood cells.

Answer 6

Spleen

Question 7

A mass of lymphoid tissue located at the base of the neck that is largest and most active DURING infancy, influences lymphocytes coming out of the bone marrow to produce t-cells is ____.

Answer 7

Thymus

Question 8

Inguinal lymph nodes are found where ____.

Answer 8

Left thigh region

Question 9

Strategically placed throughout the body ____ are filters for lymph.

Answer 9

Lymph nodes

Question 10

Locations of lymph nodes

Answer 10

Axillary lymph nodes (armpit region)
Cervical lymph nodes (neck region)
Inguinal lymph nodes. (groin region)
Mesenteric lymph nodes (intestines)

Question 11

____ lymph nodes filter lymph originating in the upper extremities and the chest, used to detect breast cancer.

Answer 11

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 12

____ lymph nodes filters lymph originating from the head and neck, used to diagnosed Hodskin’s disease

Answer 12

Cervical lymph nodes

Question 13

____ lymph nodes filters lymph originating from the lower extremities, this is where the bubonic plaque is present.

Answer 13

Inguinal lymph nodes “groin”

Question 14

Located in the intestines and filters lymph from both intestines are ____ lymph nodes.

Answer 14

Mesenteric “intestines”

Question 15

The only lymph nodes that have their own special name are called ____ that are in the small intestine where chyle begins.

Answer 15

Lacteals

Question 16

____ is the waxy milky substance formed by the union of digested fats with lymph, begins in the lacteals of the small intestines

Answer 16

Chyle

Question 18

____ is where the flow of Chyle ceases, and is the enlarged lower portion of the largest lymph duct in the human body.

Answer 18

Cisterna Chyli

Question 19

The only two lymph ducts that have direct contact with the blood stream are ____ and ____.

Answer 19

Thoracic duct

Right lymphatic duct

Question 20

Lymph vessels that are used for travel of lymph are known as ____.

Answer 20

Lymph capillaries

Question 21

Specialized masses of cells or type of tissue located throughout the body are ____.

Answer 21

Lymphoid tissues

Question 22

The three types of of tonsils are ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 22

Adenoids
Tonsils
Haranginials

Question 23

The largest of the two lymph ducts that empties into the blood 3/4’s of the body is ____, and it drains all of the lower extremities, the abdomen, the left sided of the thoracic cavity, the left side of the head and the neck.

Answer 23

Thoracic duct

Question 24

Flow of lymph:

Answer 24

CAPILLARIES –> vessels –> nodes –> thoracic duct –> right lymphatic duct –> BLOOD

Question 25

____ is the resistance to flow of a liquid, standard to compare is water. ("Thickness") Blood is normally 4.5 to 5.5 times more viscos than water.

Answer 25

Viscosity

Question 26

____,_____, and ____ are the general characteristics of blood.

Answer 26

pH Viscosity Temperature

Question 27

The percentage of hydrogen ion solution, mostly liquids, 7.3 - 7.4 is preferred by most pathogens, typically the ____ of living blood

Answer 27

pH

Question 28

Normal body ____ is 98.6 F, 36 C; blood is 100.3 F, slightly above overall normal body temperature.

Answer 28

Temperature

Question 29

The general composition of blood are ____ and ____.

Answer 29

``` Plasma Formed Elements (corpuscles) ```

Question 30

55% of centrifuged blood, ____ is a clear straw color.

Answer 30

Plasma

Question 31

45% lower part after centrifuged that still looks red is the definition of ____?

Answer 31

Formed Elements (corpuscles)

Question 32

Plasma is 92% ____.

Answer 32

Water

Question 33

____, ____, and ____ are three blood proteins that are dissolved substances.

Answer 33

Serum Albumin Serum Globulin Fibrinogen

Question 34

The protein naturally dissolved in plasma portion of blood is ____.

Answer 34

Serum Albumin

Question 35

The blood protein ____ is naturally found in plasma

Answer 35

Serum Globulin

Question 36

The blood protein ____ is present in blood plasma which will form the fibrous network when blood clots form.

Answer 36

Fibrinogen

Question 37

Non-protein substances and components are....

Answer 37

``` Salts Nutrients Gases (O2, CO2) Hormones Clotting Factors Enzymes Antibodies ```

Question 38

Types of formed elements consists of

Answer 38

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) | Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Question 39

Blood characteristics are:

Answer 39

pH 7.3-7.4 (slightly alkaline) Viscosity "thickness" Temperature (100.3° for human blood)

Question 40

The measure of resistance to flow of a liquid is ____.

Answer 40

Viscosity

Question 41

Human blood is about 4.5 to 5.5 more ____ than water.

Answer 41

Viscous

Question 42

What is the normal temperature for human blood?

Answer 42

100.3°

Question 43

What is the normal pH for human blood?

Answer 43

7.3 - 7.4 (slightly alkaline)

Question 44

____ are the most numerous corpuscles found in the formed element portion of blood.

Answer 44

Erythrocytes (RBC's)

Question 45

Structure of erythrocytes

Answer 45

Biconcave discs; nonnucleated; 4.5-5 million per cu.mm of blood; crenation and hemolysis; 120 day lifespan.

Question 46

The purpose of red bloods cells are ____

Answer 46

Carries hemoglobin

Question 47

The protein molecule to which oxygen loosely attaches itself in the lungs is ____.

Answer 47

Hemoglobin

Question 48

What are white blood cells? They are the least numerous of the corpuscles found in the blood.

Answer 48

Leukocytes

Question 49

Types of white blood cells.

Answer 49

1. Agranulocytes (WBC's that do not contain granules in the protoplasm) 2. Lymphocytes (has a single large nucleus without granules in it, responsible for the production of all antibodies) 3. Granulocytes (White blood cells which contain granules within their protoplasm)

Question 50

White blood cells which has the absence of granules within protoplasm are ____?

Answer 50

Agranulocytes

Question 51

One large single nucleus which produces all antibodies are ____.

Answer 51

Lymphocytes

Question 52

____ rids the body of pus, known as "scavenger cells."

Answer 52

Monocytes

Question 53

White blood cells which contain granules within their protoplasm ____.

Answer 53

Granulocytes

Question 54

Granule stain neither red or blue (neutral), in most humans is the most numerous type of white blood cells in humans. 65% of white blood cells, and performs phagocytosis are ____.

Answer 54

Neutrophils

Question 55

Granules of white blood cells that stain red are ____.

Answer 55

Eusinophils

Question 56

The least numerous of the white blood cells. Responsible for allergic reactions ____ are granules of white blood cells that stain blue. "Ban Cells"

Answer 56

Basophils

Question 57

The function of ____ are the defense of the body against infection by diapedesis when destroyed they form pus.

Answer 57

Leukocytes

Question 58

Another name for platelets are ____.

Answer 58

Thrombocytes

Question 59

The structure of ____ are fragmented cells; 300,000 per cubic mm; normal coagulation time is 3-5 minutes. Plasma VS. serum

Answer 59

Thrombocytes

Question 60

The liquid portion of non clotted blood which is made up of 92% water is ____.

Answer 60

Plasma

Question 61

The liquid portion left over after clotted is _____.

Answer 61

Serum

Question 62

The function of ____ are to help initiate or begin clotting.

Answer 62

Thrombocytes

Question 63

____ have the ability to squeeze themselves through the pores of the capillaries is.

Answer 63

Diapedesis

Question 64

Substances in blood that promotes clotting is

Answer 64

Thromboplastin (cephalon or thrombosinase) Prothrombin Calcium Fibrinogen

Question 65

Substances that prevent blood from clotting are

Answer 65

Antithrombin | Antiprothombon "heparin or blood thinner"

Question 66

These are all the ____ of blood. 1. Transportation - oxygen, CO2, food, wastes, hormones 2. Temperature regulation (100.3 for blood) 3. Control of pH (7.3-7.4) 4. Control of water balance 5. Defense against infection

Answer 66

Functions of blood