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Case 11: Male Reproductive System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 2 anatomy structures of the pelvis & region

A
  1. True pelvis:
    Inferior part of pelvic bones, sacrum & coccyx
    Inlet & outlet
  2. False pelvis:
    Superior region of pelvic bone & lower lumbar vertebrae
    Part of abdomen
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2
Q

What is the 3 cavities in the abdomen area

A
  1. Abdominal cavity
  2. Pelvic cavity
  3. Perineum
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3
Q

What is the 3 functions of the pelvis

A
  1. Weight bearing
  2. Support & protecting viscera
  3. Muscle attachment
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4
Q

What is the pelvic viscera

A

Reproductive organs, urinary bladder & rectum

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5
Q

Where is the connection between urinary & reproductive tract

A

Pelvic cavity

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6
Q

What does the perineum anchor

A

External genitalia

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7
Q

What is the 2 tissue types that root of external genitalia consist of

A

Erectile or vascular tissue
Skeletal muscle

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8
Q

What is another name for pelvic inlet

A

Pelvic brim

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9
Q

What anatomical landmark does the pelvic inlet divide

A

True & false pelvis

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10
Q

What 3 structures forms the pelvic walls

A

Bone, muscle & ligaments

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11
Q

What ligaments form the greater & lesser sciatic notches

A

Sacrospinous & sacrotuberous ligaments

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12
Q

What muscles is involved in forming the walls of the pelvic

A

Piriformis & obturator internus

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13
Q

Where can you find the piriformis muscle

A

Greater sciatic notch

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14
Q

Where can you find the obturator internus muscle

A

Lesser sciatic notch

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15
Q

What lines the superior aspect of pelvic viscera

A

Peritoneum

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16
Q

What is the shape of the pelvic outlet

A

Diamond shape

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17
Q

What 3 bones form the pelvic outlet

A

Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities & coccyx

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18
Q

What does the pelvic floor separate

A

Pelvic cavity from perineum

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19
Q

What is the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

A
  1. 3 levator ani muscles: illicoccygeus, pubococcygeus & puborectalis muscles
  2. Coccygeus muscles
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20
Q

What is the 2 openings in the pelvic floor

A
  1. Urogenital hiatus
  2. Rectal hiatus
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21
Q

What is the perineal membrane

A

Thick triangular facial sheet

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22
Q

Where is the deep perineal pouch

A

Narrow region superior to perineal membrane

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23
Q

Where is the perineum located

A

Inferior to pelvic floor between lower limbs

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24
Q

Where is the line diving the 2 triangles

A

Between ischial tuberosity

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25
Q

What is the anterior & posterior triangles

A

Anterior urogenital triangle
Posterior anal triangle

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26
Q

What is the anatomical borders of the triangles (anterior, inferior & lateral)

A

Anterior pubic symphysis
Inferior tip of coccyx
Lateral ischiopubic rami & sacrotuberous ligament

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27
Q

What is the surface borders of the triangles (anterior, inferior & lateral)

A

Anterior mons pubis
Inferior intergluteal cleft
Lateral medial surface of thigh

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28
Q

In what planes are the urogenital & anal triangles

A

Urogenital horizontal plane
Anal tilted upwards & posteriorly

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29
Q

What is the ceiling of the anal triangle

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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30
Q

What is the major muscle of anal triangle

A

External anal sphincter

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31
Q

Where can you find the superficial perineal pouch

A

Urogenital triangle
Between perineal membrane & membranous layer or superficial fascia

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32
Q

What 2 tissues are found in urogenital triangle

A

Erectile tissue of penis/clitoris
Skeletal muscle

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33
Q

What is the 3 muscles of the penis

A

Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus & superficial transverse perineal muscles

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34
Q

What is the major artery supplying blood to pelvis

A

Internal iliac artery

35
Q

What is the flow of lymph in the pelvis

A

Drain into nodes associated with common iliac arteries into lateral aortic nodes associated w/ lateral surfaces of abdominal aorta into lumbar trunk then thoracic duct

36
Q

What is the 2 innervations of the pelvic cavity

A
  1. Visceral innervation
  2. Somatic innervation
37
Q

What is the 3 fibers of visceral innervation

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic & visceral afferent fibers

38
Q

What 2 structures does the visceral innervation innervate

A

Pelvic viscera & erectile tissue of perineum

39
Q

What is the nerve of somatic innervation & the origin

A

Pudendal nerve
S2-4

40
Q

What is the 4 reproductive structures

A

Gonads organs produce gametes & hormones
Ducts receive & transport gametes
Accessory glands secret fluid into ducts
Perineal structure known as external genitalia

41
Q

What is the pathway of sperm

A
  1. Testes
  2. Epididymis
  3. Vas deference
  4. Seminal vesicles
  5. Prostate
  6. Bulbourethral gland
  7. Urethra
42
Q

What is the scrotum

A

A fleshy pouch enclosing the testes inferior to perineum

43
Q

What divides the testes into 2 chambers

A

Midline raphe

44
Q

What is the 2 muscles of the scrotum

A
  1. Dartos muscle
  2. Cremaster muscle
45
Q

What is the type of muscle & function of Dartos muscle

A

Smooth muscle in dermis
Wrinkling of scrotal surface

46
Q

What is the type of muscle & function of Cremaster muscle

A

Skeletal muscle in deep dermis & extends to penis
Tenses scrotum & pulls testes up with decreased temperature & sexual arousal

47
Q

What is the shape of the testes & to what do they attach

A

Ellipsis
Spermatic cord

48
Q

What is the 2 layers that cover the testes

A
  1. Tunica vaginalis: serous membrane w/ parietal & visceral layers
  2. Tunica albuginae: dense layer of connective tissue rich in collagen that divides into lobules
49
Q

What is the function of seminiferous tubules

A

Aids in production & maturation of sperm & testosterone

50
Q

What is the flow of sperm from seminiferous tubules to epididymis

A

Seminiferous tubules to rete testes to efferent tubules and then epididymis for storage & maturation

51
Q

What type of organ is the penis

A

Copulatory & urinary

52
Q

What is the 3 parts of the penis

A

Root is fixed w/ 2 crura & bulb of penis
Body is free covered by skin & free parts of corpora
Head/glans expanded free end of corpus spongiosum (frenulum, corona, neck & prepuce)

53
Q

What is the function of areolar tissue in the penis

A

Allow skin to move freely

54
Q

What 3 structures does the subcutaneous layer of the penis contain

A

Superficial arteries, veins & lymphatics

55
Q

What is the prepuce

A

Fold skin surround top of penis w/ glands

56
Q

What does the prepuce glands secrete

A

Waxy material, smegma, that support bacterial growth

57
Q

What is circumcision & 2 reasons why is it performed

A

Surgical removal
Preventive infection & penile cancer

58
Q

Where is erectile tissue found

A

Body of penis

59
Q

What is the 2 structures of the erectile tissue

A
  1. Corpora cavernousa
  2. Corpora spongiosum
60
Q

What is the corpora cavernosa

A

Two cylindrical masses of erectile tissue encircled by dense collagenous sheath

61
Q

What is the area called where diverge at the base of the penis

62
Q

What is the extend of the corpora caverosa tissue

A

To the neck of the penis

63
Q

What is the extend of the corpora spongiosum

A

Extends to the tips of penis

64
Q

What is the corpora spongiosum

A

Slender erectile body that surrounds distal portion of urethra encircled w/ sheath of elastic fibers

65
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain

A

Vas deference, blood vessels, nerves & lympathics

66
Q

What is the path of the spermatic cord

A

Begin at entrance to inguinal canal, passage through abdominal musculature & descend into scrotum via superficial inguinal ring

67
Q

What is the artery & vein blood supply

A

Deferential artery
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus of testicular vein

68
Q

What is the nerve supply to the testes

A

Branched of genitofemoral nerve from lumbar plexus

69
Q

What is the epididymis

A

A single coiled duct posterolateral sides of testes

70
Q

What is the 3 parts of the epididymis

A

Head formed from efferent ducts from rete testis
Body heavily coiled ducts of epididymis
Tail distal & marks origin of vas deferens

71
Q

What is the 4 function of epididymis

A

Sperm maturation
Transport sperm to vas deferens
Monitor & adjust composition of fluid produced by seminiferous tubules
Recycle damaged sperm

72
Q

What is the vas deference

A

40-45cm part of spermatic cord duct that starts at tail of epididymis

73
Q

What is the pathways of the vascular deference

A

Ascends through inguinal canal, curves inferiority along bladder towards prostate & seminal glands

74
Q

Why does the vas deference contain smooth muscle

A

Peristaltic contraction to propel sperm & fluid

75
Q

What is the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

Preprostatic, prostatic, membranous & spongy

76
Q

What is the 4 functions of accessory glands

A

Activate sperm
Provide nutrients sperm need for motility
Propel sperm & fluids along reproductive tract (peristaltic contractions)
Produce buffers to counteract acidity of urethral & vaginal environments

77
Q

What is the 3 accessory ducts of male reproductive tract

A
  1. Seminal vesicle
  2. Prostate gland
  3. Bulbourethral glands
78
Q

What is the seminal vesicle

A

An outgrowth of vas deference & joins it to become ejaculatory duct

79
Q

Where is the prostate gland located

A

Inferior to bladder, posterior to pubic symphysis & anterior to rectum

80
Q

Where does the prostate gland open

A

Into the wall of prostatic urethra via 30-40 ducts

81
Q

Where is the bulbourethral gland located & appearance

A

Deep perineal pouch
Small pea shaped mucous gland

82
Q

Where does the bulbourethral gland open

A

Spongy urethra

83
Q

What is the 2 functions for the bulbourethral gland

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Pre-ejaculatory emission

Case 11: Male Reproductive System (9 decks)

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