Anatomy Flashcards
What is the relationship of the pudendal nerve to the pudendal artery?
Medial
What are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?
Ventral rami (anterior divisions) S2-S4
What is the anatomical course of the pudendal nerve?
Forms, passes between piriformis and ischiococcygeus
Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen
Crosses the sacrospinous ligament
Re-enters the pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen
Pudendal/Alcock canal with internal pudendal artery and vein
Gives off inferior rectal nerve and perineal nerve
Continues as the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris
What muscles does the pudendal nerve innervate?
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus
Levator ani muscles (also receive innervation from anterior ramus of S4)
External urethral sphincter
Branch of inferior rectal nerve - external anal sphincter
What is the saying for the pudendal nerve?
S2, S3, S4 keeps the poo off the floor!
(i.e. nerve supply to external urethral sphincter and inferior rectal nerve to external anal sphincter)
What muscles make up the levator ani?
Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?
L4 or uppermost edge of iliac crest
What are the terminal branches of the aorta?
R and L common iliac arteries
Median sacral artery
What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?
Which ascending artery can be damaged during open appendicectomy?
Deep circumflex
When you hold the bony pelvis in anatomical position which two landmarks are at the same level horizontally?
Symphysis pubis and ischial spines
What is the submentobregmatic diameter?
9.5cm
What forms a dimple in the gluteal region?
Posterior superior iliac spines
What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?
Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries
At what level do the common iliacs bifurcate?
L5-S1
Where does the internal iliac bifurcate into anterior and posterior divisions?
Border of greater sciatic foramen
At what age does the anterior fontanelle close?
18 months
Which ligament can be used to correct anterior wall prolapse?
Sacrospinous ligament (anterior sacrospinous ligament fixation)
What structures does the ductus venosus connect?
Left umbilical vein and IVC
Couse of umbilical vein
Splits into R and L, R becomes portal vein, L becomes ductus venosus
Origin of umbilical arteries
Anterior division of internal iliac
What structures does the ductus arteriosus connect?
Pulmonary artery and aorta
What does the ductus venosus become after birth?
Ligamentum venosum of the liver
What does the ductus arteriosus become after birth?
Ligamentum arteriosum
Remnant of umbilical vein?
Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)
Remnant of umbilical artery?
Superior vescical arteries (proximal portion) and medial umbilical folds/ligaments (distal portion)
Cause of bicornuate uterus?
Failure of paramesonephric duct fusion
Which structure is palpated during hysterectomy to differentiate between the body of uterus and cervix?
Uterovescical fold
Attachments of levator ani?
Obturator internus fascia
Where do the ovarian arteries branch from the aorta?
L2
Dermatome of xiphoid process?
T7
Dermatome of pubis?
L1
Dermatome of umbilicus?
T10
Blood supply levator ani?
Inferior gluteal artery
Fetal component of the placental bed?
Extravillous trophoblasts
Which vessel crosses directly in front of L5?
R common iliac artery
Structure between theca cells and mural granulosa?
Basal lamina
What cell type are Sertoli cells?
Tall columnar
At what level does IVC form?
L4-L5
What nerve is affected by ovarian pathology?
Obturator nerve
Lateral wall of ischiorectal fossa is?
Obturator internus muscle/fascia
Muscles of pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani and coccygeus
Nerve supply to posterior ⅔ of labia majora?
Perineal nerve
Important structure attached to ASIS?
Inguinal ligament
Blood supply to rectus abdominis below umbilicus?
Inferior epigastric artery
