anatomy Flashcards
where are striated muscles located?
heart and skeletal muscles
systemic circulation is under
high pressure
a pregnant mare has what kind of placentation ?
diffuse
the pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is:
systolic blood pressure
what hormone contracts the female reproductive tract to help move spermatozoa into the oviducts ?
oxytocin
Cardiac muscle is considered a:
Striated involuntary muscle
in what order does the impulse for depolarization travel through the heart?
SA nose, AV node, Bundle of his, purkinje fibers
A pregnant queen has what kind of pacentation
Zonary
The control of color changes in the pigment cells of reptiles, fish, and amphibians is associated with which hormone?
MSH
the wave on an ECG that is associated with the atrial wall depolarization is the:
P wave
the SA node is located in the wall of which chamber ?
right atrium
the muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is the
pylorus
the type of cell responsible for the transmission of impulses through the nervous system is the
neuron
dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle ?
diestrous
what system is anatomically composed of the brain and the spinal cord?
CNS (central nervous system)
functions that an animal does not have to consciously control, such as peristalsis in the intestine, are influenced by the:
autonomic nervous system
the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are anatomically part of what system?
peripheral nervous system
sensory nerves are considered:
afferent nerves
when a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization, it has reached:
threshold
what happens within the neuron that allows local anesthetics to be effective ?
sodium channels become blocked
smooth muscles can be found in the :
stomach
which muscle cells have a single nuclei
smooth and cardiac
cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle
polyestrous
what species is an induced ovulator?
feline
in what stage of the estrous cycle does the corpus luteum develop ?
metestrus
which reaction is the result of sympathetic nervous system stimulation ?
dilated pupils
the hormone produced by a developing ovarian follicle is:
estrogen
to achieve a normal pregnancy, the blastocyst attaches to what structures?
endometrium
giving birth is known as
parturition
from the estrous cycle to parturition, in what order are the following hormones released?
Estrogen, porgesterone, oxytocin
all of the following are types of chorion attachments, except:
diffuse
a pregnant bitch has what kind of placentation?
zonary
the canine uterus is shaped like the letter
Y
how many mammary glands are typically found on a bitch?
8-12
which reaction is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
decreased heart rate
the nuerotransmitter that is most responsible for the fight of flight response is
epinephrine
in the healthy heart, the heartbeat is initiated by the
SA node
on an ECG, the t wave is most closely associated with
ventricular repolarization
on inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity, as compared w ambient air pressure is
negative
in the healthy awake cat, the primary stimulus within the blood respiration is:
increased CO2
an increased PCV could be indicative of
dehydration
apnea will cause
respiratory acidosis
which of the following nutrients can be used for gluconeogenesis
amino acids
cataracts results from a problem with transparency of the
lens
within the eye, the choroid is located between which two structures ?
sclera and retina
which of the following are considered to be a category of lipids?
Neutral fats, steroids, phospolids
which of the following processes is not a function of insulin?
increased blood pressure
which endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets produce the hormone glucagon ?
alpha cells
long term use of glucocorticoids will
suppress the immune system
nociceptors are important for detecting
pain
the sensation of hunger falls under which general sense
visceral sensation
the vagus nerve is cranial nerve
X
the cranial nerves originate from the
brainstem
glaucoma is
increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye
aqueous humor is formed in which chamber of the eye
posterior chamber
clients should be cautioned against sticking Q tips in the ears of their pets bc they could rupture the
tympanic membrane
which condition would be typical of hypothyroidism
weight gain
in dairy cattle, the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to stimulate the release of one of the following, to stimulate milk letdown
oxytocin
which hormone helps to trigger and maintain lactation
prolactin
lymph nodes that are found medial to the caudal part of the jaw are the
mandibular nodes
a pregnant rodent has what kind of placentation
discoid
the neuropophysis is an anatomic section of which of the following
hypothalamus
the portal vein
delivers blood to the liver
to proceed from a point between the eyes to the tip of a dog’s nose, you would move
rostrally
typically, what % of an animal’s BW consists of blood
8%
a dog that weighs 10 kg would have approx how much blood?
800 mL
which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone to bone joint ?
forelimb from the body
if you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone of the skull
occipital
the glucose absorbed from the GI tract may be stored in the liver as glycogen through a process known as what
glycogenesis
the process of voice production usually begins in which location
larynx
essential nutrients can be divided into how many categories
6
efferent nerves carry nerve impulses
from the body to the central nervous system
the name for the bile acid lipid units that carry fat within the gut is
micelles
which type of rna copies the info in the DNA
transfer RNA
bile acids are important in the digestion of
fats
which of the following lowers blood glucose
insulin
which system is considered to be the largest and most extensive organ system in the body
integument
differnt nitrogen bases are found in both DNA and RNA nucleotides. Which nucleotide is only found in DNA
Thymine
the P wave component of a QRS complex usually corresponds to
atrial contraction
the islets of langerhans are found in the
pancreas
which of the following is the basic functional unit of the kidney
nephron
the kidneys are located in which cavity
retroperitoneal cavity
which circulatory system is under the highest pressure
systemic
fat in the lymph would most likely be assoicated with
chylomicrons
the mesovarium ligament supports which organ ?
ovaries
milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with
IV calcium
for an animal that had lost RBCs to a moderate hookworm infection, one would expect the CRT to be 1
less than 1 second
a pulse taken from the inguinal area of a dog would be from the
femoral artery
what is called the knee in the forelimb of a horse. would be called _ in the human
wrist joint
the linea alba on a standing cat is _ to the spinal cord
ventral
arteries have relatively thick walls, which are composed of 3 layers. which layer is the outermost layer ?
tunica adventitia
yellow MM would suggest
hepatic disease
Electrical activity that serves as the pacemaker in the heart originates from what specific area?
SA node in the right atrium
Define osteoblasts
mononucleates cells that are responsible for bone formation and come from the bone marrow
define osteocytes
actual cells inside of the bone
define osteoclasts
large cells that dissolve the bone
Define chondrocytes
Cartilage cells
