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anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where are striated muscles located?

A

heart and skeletal muscles

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2
Q

systemic circulation is under

A

high pressure

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3
Q

a pregnant mare has what kind of placentation ?

A

diffuse

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4
Q

the pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is:

A

systolic blood pressure

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5
Q

what hormone contracts the female reproductive tract to help move spermatozoa into the oviducts ?

A

oxytocin

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle is considered a:

A

Striated involuntary muscle

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7
Q

in what order does the impulse for depolarization travel through the heart?

A

SA nose, AV node, Bundle of his, purkinje fibers

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8
Q

A pregnant queen has what kind of pacentation

A

Zonary

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9
Q

The control of color changes in the pigment cells of reptiles, fish, and amphibians is associated with which hormone?

A

MSH

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10
Q

the wave on an ECG that is associated with the atrial wall depolarization is the:

A

P wave

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11
Q

the SA node is located in the wall of which chamber ?

A

right atrium

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12
Q

the muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is the

A

pylorus

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13
Q

the type of cell responsible for the transmission of impulses through the nervous system is the

A

neuron

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14
Q

dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle ?

A

diestrous

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15
Q

what system is anatomically composed of the brain and the spinal cord?

A

CNS (central nervous system)

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16
Q

functions that an animal does not have to consciously control, such as peristalsis in the intestine, are influenced by the:

A

autonomic nervous system

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17
Q

the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are anatomically part of what system?

A

peripheral nervous system

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18
Q

sensory nerves are considered:

A

afferent nerves

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19
Q

when a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization, it has reached:

A

threshold

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20
Q

what happens within the neuron that allows local anesthetics to be effective ?

A

sodium channels become blocked

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21
Q

smooth muscles can be found in the :

A

stomach

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22
Q

which muscle cells have a single nuclei

A

smooth and cardiac

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23
Q

cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle

A

polyestrous

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24
Q

what species is an induced ovulator?

A

feline

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25
Q

in what stage of the estrous cycle does the corpus luteum develop ?

A

metestrus

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26
Q

which reaction is the result of sympathetic nervous system stimulation ?

A

dilated pupils

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27
Q

the hormone produced by a developing ovarian follicle is:

A

estrogen

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28
Q

to achieve a normal pregnancy, the blastocyst attaches to what structures?

A

endometrium

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29
Q

giving birth is known as

A

parturition

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30
Q

from the estrous cycle to parturition, in what order are the following hormones released?

A

Estrogen, porgesterone, oxytocin

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31
Q

all of the following are types of chorion attachments, except:

A

diffuse

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32
Q

a pregnant bitch has what kind of placentation?

A

zonary

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33
Q

the canine uterus is shaped like the letter

A

Y

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34
Q

how many mammary glands are typically found on a bitch?

A

8-12

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35
Q

which reaction is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation

A

decreased heart rate

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36
Q

the nuerotransmitter that is most responsible for the fight of flight response is

A

epinephrine

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37
Q

in the healthy heart, the heartbeat is initiated by the

A

SA node

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38
Q

on an ECG, the t wave is most closely associated with

A

ventricular repolarization

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39
Q

on inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity, as compared w ambient air pressure is

A

negative

40
Q

in the healthy awake cat, the primary stimulus within the blood respiration is:

A

increased CO2

41
Q

an increased PCV could be indicative of

A

dehydration

42
Q

apnea will cause

A

respiratory acidosis

43
Q

which of the following nutrients can be used for gluconeogenesis

A

amino acids

44
Q

cataracts results from a problem with transparency of the

A

lens

45
Q

within the eye, the choroid is located between which two structures ?

A

sclera and retina

46
Q

which of the following are considered to be a category of lipids?

A

Neutral fats, steroids, phospolids

47
Q

which of the following processes is not a function of insulin?

A

increased blood pressure

48
Q

which endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets produce the hormone glucagon ?

A

alpha cells

49
Q

long term use of glucocorticoids will

A

suppress the immune system

50
Q

nociceptors are important for detecting

A

pain

51
Q

the sensation of hunger falls under which general sense

A

visceral sensation

52
Q

the vagus nerve is cranial nerve

A

X

53
Q

the cranial nerves originate from the

A

brainstem

54
Q

glaucoma is

A

increased pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye

55
Q

aqueous humor is formed in which chamber of the eye

A

posterior chamber

56
Q

clients should be cautioned against sticking Q tips in the ears of their pets bc they could rupture the

A

tympanic membrane

57
Q

which condition would be typical of hypothyroidism

A

weight gain

58
Q

in dairy cattle, the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to stimulate the release of one of the following, to stimulate milk letdown

A

oxytocin

59
Q

which hormone helps to trigger and maintain lactation

A

prolactin

60
Q

lymph nodes that are found medial to the caudal part of the jaw are the

A

mandibular nodes

61
Q

a pregnant rodent has what kind of placentation

A

discoid

62
Q

the neuropophysis is an anatomic section of which of the following

A

hypothalamus

63
Q

the portal vein

A

delivers blood to the liver

64
Q

to proceed from a point between the eyes to the tip of a dog’s nose, you would move

A

rostrally

65
Q

typically, what % of an animal’s BW consists of blood

A

8%

66
Q

a dog that weighs 10 kg would have approx how much blood?

A

800 mL

67
Q

which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone to bone joint ?

A

forelimb from the body

68
Q

if you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone of the skull

A

occipital

69
Q

the glucose absorbed from the GI tract may be stored in the liver as glycogen through a process known as what

A

glycogenesis

70
Q

the process of voice production usually begins in which location

A

larynx

71
Q

essential nutrients can be divided into how many categories

A

6

72
Q

efferent nerves carry nerve impulses

A

from the body to the central nervous system

73
Q

the name for the bile acid lipid units that carry fat within the gut is

A

micelles

74
Q

which type of rna copies the info in the DNA

A

transfer RNA

75
Q

bile acids are important in the digestion of

A

fats

76
Q

which of the following lowers blood glucose

A

insulin

77
Q

which system is considered to be the largest and most extensive organ system in the body

A

integument

78
Q

differnt nitrogen bases are found in both DNA and RNA nucleotides. Which nucleotide is only found in DNA

A

Thymine

79
Q

the P wave component of a QRS complex usually corresponds to

A

atrial contraction

80
Q

the islets of langerhans are found in the

A

pancreas

81
Q

which of the following is the basic functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

82
Q

the kidneys are located in which cavity

A

retroperitoneal cavity

83
Q

which circulatory system is under the highest pressure

A

systemic

84
Q

fat in the lymph would most likely be assoicated with

A

chylomicrons

85
Q

the mesovarium ligament supports which organ ?

A

ovaries

86
Q

milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with

A

IV calcium

87
Q

for an animal that had lost RBCs to a moderate hookworm infection, one would expect the CRT to be 1

A

less than 1 second

88
Q

a pulse taken from the inguinal area of a dog would be from the

A

femoral artery

89
Q

what is called the knee in the forelimb of a horse. would be called _ in the human

A

wrist joint

90
Q

the linea alba on a standing cat is _ to the spinal cord

A

ventral

91
Q

arteries have relatively thick walls, which are composed of 3 layers. which layer is the outermost layer ?

A

tunica adventitia

92
Q

yellow MM would suggest

A

hepatic disease

93
Q

Electrical activity that serves as the pacemaker in the heart originates from what specific area?

A

SA node in the right atrium

94
Q

Define osteoblasts

A

mononucleates cells that are responsible for bone formation and come from the bone marrow

95
Q

define osteocytes

A

actual cells inside of the bone

96
Q

define osteoclasts

A

large cells that dissolve the bone

97
Q

Define chondrocytes

A

Cartilage cells

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