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AW > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Inferior Orbital floor

A

Zygoma,Palatine,Maxillary

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2
Q

Optic canal contents

A

ON, meningeal coverings, ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

Anterior,posterior ethmoidal foramen location

A

Along frontoethmoidal suture

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4
Q

NLD lining

A

Stratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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5
Q

Blood supply of eyelid

A

Medial and lateral palpebral arteries-branch of ICA

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6
Q

Layers of basal lamina of corneal epithelium

A

Lamina lucida(superficial)
Lamina densa(deeper)

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7
Q

Von Willebrand’s knee

A

Inferonasal retinal fibres

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8
Q

Junctional scotoma

A

Unilateral lesion of anterior portion of ipsilateral ON/chiasm-gives I/L central scotoma,C/L superotemporal field defect-due to von willebrands knee

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9
Q

Strongest and weakest orbital wall

A

Lateral and anterior portion of medial

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10
Q

Areas of firm vitreous attachments

A

Vitreous base (strongest), ON,retinal vessels, edges of scars

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11
Q

Average AC depth

A

3.1 mm

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12
Q

Number of cell layers/laminae of Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

6

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13
Q

Maximum adherence of vitreous

A

Vitreous Base

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14
Q

Collagen present in vitreous

A

Collagen II, IX

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15
Q

Epithelial type of RPE

A

Monolayer of cuboidal/columnar cells

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16
Q

Main collagen of Sclera

A

Type 1 collagen

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17
Q

Higher concentration of which constituents in aqueous as compared to plasma

A

Lactate,ascorbate,chloride

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18
Q

Suspensory ligament of Lockwood formed by?

A

Sheath of inferior rectus,medial check ligament,lateral check ligament, sheath of inferior oblique

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19
Q

Number of laminae of LGB and crossed and uncrossed fibres end in which laminae?

A

6 laminae: crossed ending in 1,4,6 and uncrossed ending in 2,3,5

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20
Q

Ophthalmic artery relation to optic nerve

A

Infero-lateral

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21
Q

Main pathway for glucose utilisation by corneal epithelium

A

For ATP production anaerobically by conversion to lactate

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22
Q

Which ions are higher in CSF as compared to blood

A

Chloride,Magnesium,Hydrogen

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23
Q

Thickness of tear film

A

3-5 micrometre

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24
Q

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm causes which CN palsy?

A

CN 3- in basilar part runs between posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar artery, lateral to posterior communicating artery

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25
Q

What are zonula adherens

A

Belt desmosomes-specialized adherens junctions between cells. Their main role is in mechanical adhesion.

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26
Q

Axial length of eye at birth

A

16-17mm
Increases rapidly upto 4 years of age then slowly upto 10-12 years of age

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27
Q

Largest extraocular rectus muscle

A

Medial Rectus

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28
Q

Least common cones type, most common colour defect?

A

Least common-Blue cones
Most common-Deuteranomaly

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29
Q

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve are branches of ?

A

Nasociliary nerve

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30
Q

Length of rods and cones?

A

Rods-100-120
Cones-60-75 microm

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31
Q

Ratio of rods:cones

A

20:1

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32
Q

Retinal crystals associated with which drugs ?

A

Meth CrysTals
Methoxyflurane
Canthaxanthine
Talc
Tamoxifen

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33
Q

Blood aqueous barrier

A

Tight junctions(zonulae occludes) between inner non pigmented ciliary epithelium

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34
Q

Great cerebral vein of Galen drains into?

A

Straight sinus

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35
Q

Tight junction prevents passage of?

A

Water,ions,peptides,proteins between the cells

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36
Q

Sensory innervation of entire face given by trigeminal nerve
True/Flase

A

False
Sensory innervation of face given by trigeminal nerve except angle of mandible-given by C2,C3 in form of great auricular nerve

37
Q

Contents of petrous part of temporal bone

A

Internal acoustic meatus (Facial nerve,vestibulocochlear nerve, vestibular ganglion, labyrinthine artery)

38
Q

Volume of globe

A

6.5ml

39
Q

Core proteins of gap junctions

A

Connexins

40
Q

Constituent proteins of tight junctions?

A

Occludin, claudins and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) are constituent proteins of tight junctions.

41
Q

Ig not found in human tears?

A

IgD

42
Q

Ratio of cones: bipolar cells: ganglion cells at fovea

A

1:1:1
but in periphery 1 bipolar cell receives input from 50-100 rods

43
Q

Collagen in vitreous?

A

2 and 9

44
Q

In order to truly isolate cone function, it is necessary to present a light stimulus as a flicker-flash at what minimum frequency?

A

> 25Hz
Rods can respond to flickering stimuli with rates up to 20 Hz. Only cones can respond at higher frequencies, with a maximum of approximately 70 Hz.

45
Q

Where does corneal epithelium receive its glucose and oxygen from?

A

Oxygen-pre corneal tear film
Glucose-from stroma via aqueous and limbal vessels

46
Q

Lacrimal sac fossa formed by?

A

Lacrimal bone and frontal process of maxilla

47
Q

Thickest wall of globe

A

Lateral wall
-also most exposed and prone to trauma

48
Q

Newborn lacrimation starts at?

A

Birth
But NLD maturation continues in the first year

49
Q

Largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal

50
Q

Accommodation mediated by which nerve?

A

Short ciliary nerve of CN3

51
Q

Which orbital walls in the globe closer to?

A

Globe is closer to roof>floor and lateral>medial wall

52
Q

Is the globe longer vertically or anteroposteriorly?

A

Anteroposteriorly -24mm
(vs Vertically-23mm)

53
Q

Uvea is firmly attached to the sclera at which parts ?

A

Scleral spur, vortex veins, optic disc

54
Q

Number of meibomian glands in upper lid?

A

30,slightly lower in lower lid

55
Q

RPE is continuous anteriorly with which part of ciliary body?

A

Pigmented epithelium

56
Q

Which EOM are supplied by ipsilateral nuclei?

A

SR and SO-supplied by contralateral nuclei
Rest all-Ipsilateral nuclei
Bilateral LPS supplied by single unpaired nucleus

57
Q

Main GAG of corneal stroma?

A

Keratan sulphate and dermatan sulphate.
The corneal stroma is unusual in that it contains no hyaluronate.

58
Q

Uveal tissue most strongly attached to sclera at which point ?

A

Optic disc

59
Q

Field defect in posterior chiasma lesions?

A

Bi temporal hemianopic central scotoma due to involvement of nasal macular fibres

60
Q

Which quadrant of the globe does superior oblique and IO insert into?

A

SO-Posterosuperior quadrant of globe
IO-Postero-lateral

61
Q

Synergists and antagonists of medial rectus muscle?

A

Synergists-SR and IR
Antagonists-LR,SO and IO

62
Q

Volume of aqueous humour in AC?

A

250 microL (2.5ml)

63
Q

Which human tissue has the highest oxygen consumption per weight?

A

Retina-highly active metabolic tissue in human body

64
Q

Primary muscle of lip closure?

A

Orbicularis oculi

65
Q

Origin of inferior oblique muscle

A

Maxillary bone, posterior to inferiomedial orbital rim, lateral to NLD canal
Inserts 17mm behind limbus in posterolateral quadrant

66
Q

First cell in the eye to produce melanin?

A

RPE

67
Q

Fibrillins are an important part of which structures of the eye?

A

Zonules, lens capsule, vitreous

68
Q

Zonules produced by?

A

Non pigmented ciliary epithelium

69
Q

Midget ganglion and midget bipolar cells found in which part of retina?

A

Fovea
Synapse with cones in 1:1:1 ratio-explains high resolution of foveal region

70
Q

Afferent pupillary fibres exit optic tract at ?

A

Exit from optic tract prior to LGB at pretectal olivary nuclei.

71
Q

Composition of aqueous vs plasma?

A

Aqueous is hypertonic and acidic
Marked excess of ascorbate and deficit of protein

72
Q

Only structure of cartilage in the orbit found on which bone?

A

Trochlea for passage of tendon of superior oblique-found on frontal bone

73
Q

Anterior and posterior scleral coverings?

A

Anterior-conjunctiva
Posterior-Fascia bulbi (Tenon’s fascia)

74
Q

Ocular lymphatic drainage?

A

Laterally into pre auricular and intraparotid lymph nodes, medially into submandibular and submental lymph nodes
All ultimately drain into cervial chain
no LN in deep orbit

75
Q

Lacrimal fossa made of ?

A

Frontal process of maxilla and lacrimal bone

76
Q

Sub retinal space ?

A

Between RPE and neurosensory retina

77
Q

Cranial nerve with longest intracranial ,longest intradural course?

A

Intracranial-Trochlear
Intradural-Abducens

78
Q

Maximum axons in optic nerve attained at which point of life?

A

14-15 weeks gestation-6 million
steadily decreases to 1.3 million by birth

79
Q

Blood aqueous barrier maintained by?

A

Tight junctions (zonula occludens) between inner non pigmented ciliary epithelium

80
Q

Human tissue having highest oxygen consumption per weight ?

A

Retina

81
Q

Average anterior chamber volume and depth?

A

Depth-3.11mm
Vol-220 microL

82
Q

Average posterior chamber volume and depth?

A

Depth-0.52mm
Vol-60 microL

83
Q

Average vitreous chamber volume and depth ?

A

Depth-16.5mm
Vol-5.5ml

84
Q

Longest to shortest recti muscles?

A

Superior>Medial>Lateral>Inferior (SMLI)

85
Q

Primary interstitial space of retina?

A

Outer plexiform layer and Henle’s layer-
In oedema, cystoid spaces accumulate here
Retinal haemorrhages and exudates deposited here radially

86
Q

Tear film thickness?

A

Lipid layer 0.1 μm
Aqueous layer 8 μm
Mucin Layer 0.02-0.05 μm

87
Q

Anterior most structure of middle cranial fossa?

A

Sulcus Chiasmatis

88
Q

What does dorsal(posterior) root of spinal column transmit?

A

Sensory nerves whose cell bodies reside in dorsal root ganglion
Motor neurones transmitted via ventral (anterior) roots, including somatic (skeletal motor) and visceral (sympathetic and parasympathetic) components-cell bodies in ventral root ganglia

89
Q

Endothelial pumps at aqueous and stratal interface?

A

Aqueous-Na/HCO3 co-transporter and HCO3/Cl exchanger
Stromal-Na/K ATPase and Na/H antiporter

AW (12 decks)

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