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Pre-nursing > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of body structure

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The study of the function of the body’s organs

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The relative consistency of the body’s internal enviornment

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

What is the simplest level of the body’s structure?

A

Chemical

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5
Q

What are the simplest units of all matter?

A

Atoms

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6
Q

What are the 4 most common atoms in the human body?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

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7
Q

What is created when atoms bond together?

A

Molecules

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8
Q

What is created when molecules join together?

A

Organelles (cell parts)

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9
Q

What is created when organelles combine?

A

Cells

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10
Q

What is considered to be the smallest living units of the human body?

A

Cells

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11
Q

What is created when similar types of cells form together?

A

Tissues

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12
Q

What forms when 2 or more tissue types combine?

A

Organs

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13
Q

Organs arrange to form what?

A

Organ systems

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14
Q

Organ system arrange to form what?

A

Organism

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15
Q

What are the 4 tissue types in the body?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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16
Q

What type of tissue covers the body and most organs?

A

Epithelial

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17
Q

What are the 3 things lined by epithelial tissue?

A

Tubes, hollow organs, and body cavities

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18
Q

What cells make up glandular tissue?

A

Cells that make and secrete substances

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19
Q

What is the term for a gland that secretes its product into a duct?

A

Exocrine gland

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20
Q

What is the term for a gland that secretes its product into fluid or blood?

A

Endocrine gland

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21
Q

What does the term avascular mean?

A

Lacking blood vessels

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22
Q

What does the term mitotic mean?

A

Dividing constantly

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23
Q

Why is epithelial tissue mitotic?

A

To preserve structure during rapid growth

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24
Q

What are the 3 main functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protection, absorption, and secretion

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25
Q

What is the most abundant tissue in the body?

A

Connective tissue

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26
Q

What separates the loosely packed cells of connective tissue?

A

A matrix

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27
Q

What cells are responsible for secreting collagen and making fibers?

A

Fibroblasts

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28
Q

What cells are responsible for secreting substances that promote inflammation (such as histamine) to damaged tissue?

A

Mast cells

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29
Q

What type of cells destroy unwanted material such as bacteria?

A

Macrophages

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30
Q

What are the 5 types of connective tissue?

A

Blood, bone, cartilage, dense, and adipose (fat)

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31
Q

What is the purpose of cartilage?

A

To give shape to structures

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32
Q

What makes up the discs between vertebrae?

A

Cartilage

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33
Q

What protects the ends of long bones?

A

Cartilage

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34
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

Ligaments

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35
Q

What connects muscles to bones?

A

Tendons

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36
Q

Ligaments and tendons are what kind of connective tissue?

A

Dense

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37
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the skins dermis and fills in damaged skin to create a scar?

A

Dense

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38
Q

What type of cells store fats?

A

Adipocytes

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39
Q

What type of connective tissue stores energy, cushions, and insulates?

A

Adipose

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40
Q

What is a type of tissue that contracts and relaxes?

A

Muscle

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41
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, visceral (smooth), and cardiac

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42
Q

What type of tissue is striated, voluntary, and attached to the skeleton?

A

Skeletal

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43
Q

What type of muscle tissue is located in the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and the dermis?

A

VIsceral (smooth)

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44
Q

What type of muscle tissue is striated, involuntary, and in the heart?

A

Cardiac

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45
Q

What type of tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves?

A

Nervous

46
Q

Nervous tissue specializes in sending impulses (electrical messages) to what?

A

Neurons, muscles, and glands

47
Q

What are the 2 types of cells contained in nervous tissue?

A

Neurons and neurological cells

48
Q

Which cell transports impulses and what cells acts as support?

A

Neurons transport and neurological cells support

49
Q

What is the definition of anatomical terms?

A

Describe the location of body parts/regions

50
Q

What are the 11 systems in the body?

A

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

51
Q

What anatomical term means above or close to the head?

A

Superior (cranial)

52
Q

What anatomical term means below or close to the feet?

A

Inferior (caudal)

53
Q

What anatomical term means toward the front of the body?

A

Anterior (ventral)

54
Q

What anatomical term means toward the back of the body?

A

Posterior (dorsal)

55
Q

What anatomical term means close to the midline?

A

Medial

56
Q

What anatomical term means farther from the midline?

A

Lateral

57
Q

What anatomical term means close to a point of attachment or trunk of the body?

A

proximal

58
Q

What anatomical term means farther from a point of attachment of the trunk of the body?

A

Distal

59
Q

What anatomical term means close to the surface of the body?

A

Superficial

60
Q

What anatomical term means farther internal?

A

Deep

61
Q

What is the purpose of body cavities?

A

To house and protect organs

62
Q

What are the 2 largest body cavities?

A

Dorsal and ventral

63
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the dorsal cavity?

A

Cranial and spinal

64
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic

65
Q

What muscle separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

Diaphragm

66
Q

What 4 things are contained in the thoracic cavity?

A

Lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea

67
Q

What is the technical term for your voicebox?

A

Larynx

68
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Superior abdominal and inferior pelvic

69
Q

What are the 7 things contained in the abdominal cavity?

A

Stomach, intestines, gallbladder, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas

70
Q

What 2 things are contained in the pelvic cavity?

A

Reproductive organs and bladder

71
Q

What is the anatomical term for ear?

A

Otic

72
Q

What is the anatomical term for nose?

A

Nasal

73
Q

What is the anatomical term for mouth?

A

Oral

74
Q

What is the anatomical term for neck?

A

Cervical

75
Q

What is the anatomical term for shoulder?

A

Acromial

76
Q

What is the anatomical term for armpit?

A

Axillary

77
Q

What is the anatomical term for breast?

A

Mammary

78
Q

What is the anatomical term for upper arm?

A

Brachial

79
Q

What is the anatomical term for abdomen?

A

Abdominal

80
Q

What is the anatomical term for front of elbow?

A

Antecubital

81
Q

What is the anatomical term for forearm?

A

Antebrachial

82
Q

What is the anatomical term for wrist?

A

Carpal

83
Q

What is the anatomical term for palm?

A

Palmar

84
Q

What is the anatomical term for finger?

A

Digital

85
Q

What is the anatomical term for reproductive organs?

A

Genital

86
Q

What is the anatomical term for front of knee?

A

Patellar

87
Q

What is the anatomical term for leg?

A

Crural

88
Q

What is the anatomical term for ankle?

A

Tarsal

89
Q

What is the anatomical term for head?

A

Cephalic

90
Q

What is the anatomical term for forehead?

A

Frontal

91
Q

What is the anatomical term for eye cavity?

A

Orbital

92
Q

What is the anatomical term for cheek?

A

Buccal

93
Q

What is the anatomical term for chin?

A

Mental

94
Q

What is the anatomical term for chest?

A

Pectoral

95
Q

What is the anatomical term for sternum?

A

Sternal

96
Q

What is the anatomical term for navel?

A

Umbilical

97
Q

What is the anatomical term for hip?

A

Coxal

98
Q

What is the anatomical term for groin?

A

Inguinal

99
Q

What is the anatomical term for foot?

A

Pedal

100
Q

What is the anatomical term for back of head?

A

Occipital

101
Q

What is the anatomical term for spinal column?

A

Vertebral

102
Q

What is the anatomical term for back?

A

Dorsum

103
Q

What is the anatomical term for lower back?

A

Lumbar

104
Q

What is the anatomical term for elbow?

A

Cubital

105
Q

What is the anatomical term for buttocks?

A

Gluteal

106
Q

What is the anatomical term for between hips?

A

Sacral

107
Q

What is the anatomical term for perineum?

A

Perineal

108
Q

What is the anatomical term for thigh?

A

Femoral

109
Q

What is the anatomical term for back of knee?

A

Popliteal

110
Q

What is the anatomical term for sole of foot?

A

Plantar

Pre-nursing (4 decks)

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