Anatomy

Question 1

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a complex medical condition presenting with__ (3)

Answer 1

• quadriplegia
• bulbar palsy (bilateral impairment of function of the lower
  cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII)
• whole-body sensory loss due to damage in the brain stem,
  most commonly the anterior pons

Question 2

List functions that are still preserved on a patient with LIS

Answer 2

Cognition, vertical eye movement, blinking, and hearing are
classically preserved

Question 3

Describe 3 classification ( classic; incomplete; total)

Answer 3

Classic: complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles, except for
the muscles that control eye movement.

Incomplete: The same as classic, but with remnants of
voluntary movement other than eye movement.

Total: Complete inability to move or communicate, yet is fully
conscious. Cortical function remains, observed by EEG

Question 4

Which areas of the brain are affected
by Locked-in Syndrome?

Answer 4

Usually stroke related
Ventral pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 5

What is the prognosis for Locked-in Syndrome?

Answer 5

The prognosis for Locked-in Syndrome is poor,
because there is no cure or standard treatment.
In some cases, therapy, as well as technology,
have allowed some individuals to regain
some motor functions.

Question 6

Speech are the from which nerves (6)

Answer 6

the trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear,
glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal

Question 7

swallowing nerves are from:

Answer 7

motor trigeminal CNV, facial CNVII, CNIX
glossopharangeal, vagus CNX and accessory XI and hypoglossal
XII