Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Trigeminal Nerve-
1. Draw and label the maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve?
A
- Maxillary- pharyngeal branch, nasopalatine and nasal branches, greater palatine nerve, zygomatic nerve, posterior superior alveola nerve, middle superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior alveolar nerve, (changes name to inferior orbital nerve), palpebral, labial and nasal branches
2
Q
Trigeminal Nerve-
1. Draw and label the mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve?
A
- Mandibular- auriculo temporal nerve, buccal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve
3
Q
- What foramen does the ophthalmic branch pass through?
A
- Superior orbital fissure
4
Q
- What foramen does the maxillary branch pass through?
A
- Foramen rotundum
5
Q
- What foramen does the mandibular branch pass through?
A
- Foramen ovale
6
Q
- What is the nerve supply for the submandibular gland?
A
- Parasympathetic innervation from the facial nerve via the chorda tympani (via submandibular ganglion)
7
Q
- What secretion is it from the submandubular nerve?
A
- Mixed serous and mucus
8
Q
- What is the innervation of the parotid gland?
A
- Parasympathetic innervation from the glossopharyngeal nerve (via auriculotemporal nerve)
- Sensory innervation from auriculotemporal nerve and greater auricular nerve
9
Q
- What secretion is it from the parotid gland?
A
Serous
10
Q
- What is the nerve supply for sublingual gland?
A
- Parasympathetic innervation from the facial nerve via the chorda tympani (via submandibular ganglion)
11
Q
- What secretion is it from the sublingual gland?
A
Mucous predominately
12
Q
Muscles of the Tongue-
1. What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
A
- Transverse, vertical, superior longitudinal and inferior longitudinal
13
Q
- What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
A
- Palatoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus
14
Q
- What is the motor nerve supply of the tongue?
A
- Hypoglossal nerve apart from the palatoglossus muscles which is served by the vagus nerve
15
Q
- What is the sensory nerve supply for the tongue ?
different parts
A
- Somatic sensory- anterior 1/3- lingual nerve, posterior 1/3- glossopharyngeal
- Social sensory of taste- anterior 1/3- chorda tympani branch of facial nerve, posterior 1/3- glossopharyngeal
16
Q
Muscles of Mastication-
1. What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of masseter?
A
- Origin- Zygomatic arch (inferior border)
- Insertion- Lateral aspect of angle of the mandible
- Action- Elevation and protrusion of mandible & (deep fibres help to retract)
- Testing- Clench teeth together and open mouth and palpate for tenderness/hypertrophy
- Innervation- Masseteric branch of mandibular branch of trigeminal
17
Q
- What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of temporalis?
A
- Origin- Temporal fossa (deep from bone and superficial from fascia)
- Insertion- Coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
- Action- Elevation and retraction of mandible
- Testing- Clench teeth together and open mouth and palpate for tenderness/hypertrophy
- Innervation- Anterior division of deep temporal branch of mandibular branch of trigeminal
18
Q
- What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of medial pterygoid?
A
- Origin- Deep head- Medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate & Superficial head- maxillary tuberosity
- Insertion- Medial surface of the angle of the mandible
- Action- Elevation and protrusion of the mandible
- Testing- Intra-oral palpation (can be painful)
- Innervation- Nerve to medial pterygoid of the mandibular branch of trigeminal
19
Q
- What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of lateral pterygoid?
A
- Origin- Inferior-Lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid plate & Superior- greater wing of the sphenoid bone
- Insertion- Pterygoid fovea on the neck of the condyle and intra-arterial disc
- Action- Depression and protrusion of the mandible and Unilateral contraction causes contralateral excursion
- Testing- Response to resisted movement on opening and lateral movement of the mandible
- Innervation- Anterior division of nerve to the lateral pterygoid of the mandibular branch of trigeminal
20
Q
Cranial Nerves-
List the cranial nerves,
A
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
21
Q
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them.
1. Olfactory-
A
- Responsible for smell
- T-Ask patient is they have noticed nay change in smell // examine each nostril with characteristic smelling objects e.g. mint (close/bloc other nostril and close eyes during and get patient to identify)
22
Q
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Optic
A
- Responsible for vision
- T- Visual acuity- Snellen charts // colour; Ishihara plates // field; move finger laterally and ask patient to notify you when it disappears (patient shouldn’t move eye and clinician should do same for comparison) // reflexes; ask patient to focus on distant point and then your finger close to their face (observe for pupil constriction)
23
Q
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Oculomotor
A
- Controls eye movement and pupil construction
- T (along with 4 trochlear and 6 abducens)- ask patient to keep head still and follow your fingers with their eyes as you move your finger in a H shape // ask them if they notice any double vision
- T- Skint light into the eye laterally and observe for pupil constriction
24
Q
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Trochlear
A
- Controls eye movement
- See 3
25
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Trigeminal
* Relays somatosensory information (touch and pain) from the face and head & provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication
* T- motor; ask patient to clench teeth while palpating temporalis and masseter muscles and ask them to open their mouth and move their jaw side to side against resistance // sensory; touch patients face in region of three branches and get them to report where they feel it (eyes closed during)
26
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Abducens
* Controls eye movement
* See 3
27
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Facial
* Relays somatosensory information from peri-auricular area and special sensory taste sensation from anterior 2/3 tongue and provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression
* T- ask patient to crease up forehead, raise eyebrow, scrunch up eyes (& keep closed against resistance), reveal their teeth, purse their lips together and puff out their cheeks
28
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Vestibulocochlear
* Involved in hearing and balance
* T- Rinne’s test to each ear separately (close one ear); tell you the two-syllable word you whisper in open ear
29
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Glossopharyngeal
* Relays somatosensory information from tongue, tonsils and pharynx and special sensory taste sensation rom posterior 1/3 of tongue and provides motor innervation to muscles involves in swallowing
* T- Test gag reflex // coughing reflex // touch arches of pharynx
30
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Vagus
* Mixture of sensory, motor and autonomic innervation to and from the glands, digestive and cardiac systems (abdominal organs)
* T- Patient to say ah and check uvula lies centrally and doesn’t deviate // check patients’ speech
31
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Accessory
* Controls muscles used in neck and head movement
* T- Get patient to turn head to side and shrug their shoulders against resistance
32
List the cranial nerves, their function and how you test them. Hypoglossal
* Provides motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
* T- Ask patient to stick tongue out (deviation to one side suggests nerve damage on that side) and move it to each corner of the mouth
