Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Opthalmology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers and their constituents

A

Fibrous tunic - sclera and cornea
Vascular - Iris, ciliary body, choroid
Retina - pigment and neuro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What accumulates in the sclera

A

Bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many layers of sclera

A

3 - episcelra, sclera proper (collagen) and lamina fusca (pigment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many bones in orbital wall

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Floor?

A

Maxilla, palatine and zygomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes the roof

A

Frontal and lesser wing of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Medial wall?

A

Ethmoid, maxillary and sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lateral wall?

A

Zygomatic, greater wing of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the holes there?

A

Optic canal, greater and lesser orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is the thinnest part of the orbital wall?

A

Medial orbital , but is strengthened by the ethmoid sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is the most vulnerable part?

A

Floor - blow out fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can you see in a blow out fracture

A

Down and depressed gaze, cannot look up due to Inferior recurs dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is below the skin eyelid?

A

Orbicularis occuli - helps eyelid closure and release lacrimal gland secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which nerve is it innervated by

A

Facial nerve (7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the next layer?

A

Orbital septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the grading used for orbital cellulitis

A

Chandlers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s next

A

Superior and inferior tarsal plates

18
Q

What is in these plates and what do they do

A

Melbomian glands and they produce the lipid layers of the tears

19
Q

What’s next

A

Levator apparatus

20
Q

What are they innervated by

A

CN 3

21
Q

What does this have

A

The superior and inferior tarsal muscles and levator palpabrae superioris

22
Q

What happens in complete ptosis

A

Paralysis of the levator palpabrae superioris due to lesion in cn 3 (in the cavernous sinus due to vascular aneurysm)

23
Q

What happens in partial ptosis

A

Paralysis of superior tarsal muscle which is innervated by sympathetic chain - Horners syndrome

24
Q

Where do the punctums drain into?

A

Canaliculi

25
Q

What does the common cancaliculi form?

A

Lacrimal sac

26
Q

Where does that drain?

A

Nasolacrimal duct, which drains into turbunates

27
Q

What are the layers of the cornea?

A

Anterior epithelium
Bowman’s membrane
Corneal stroma - regular collagen fibers - no vasculature, but well innervated
Descemet’s membrane
Endothelium - involved in fluid and ion balance - this is lost in corneal dystrophy leading to corneal opacity

28
Q

What are the glands on the conjunctiva called?

A

Krause and Wolfring

29
Q

What are the 3 segments of the conjucntiva

A

bulbar, fornix and palpebral

30
Q

What kind of anesthetic can be injected

A

Sub tenon block on the tenon capsule in the conjunctiva for cataract surgery

31
Q

What are the branches of the aorta

A

Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic trunk on the right
Common carotid on the left - breaks into internal and external carotid arteries
Subclavian on the left

32
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery

A

8 branches - Some ancient lovers find old positions more stimulating

33
Q

Anterior circulation of the brain is supplied mostly by what

A

ICA

34
Q

Posterior circulation of the brain is supplied mostly by what

A

Vertebral arteries branching off the subclavian

35
Q

What do the vertebral arteries merge into

A

Basilar artery - joins the posterior circle of Willis

36
Q

What is amaurosis fugax

A

TIA of the eye, its like a curtain coming down but is painless

37
Q

What is the management

A

Aspirin, clopidogrel (anti-platelets)

Steroid if it is GCA

38
Q

Trace the visual pathway

A

Photoreceptors to bipolar cells to ganglion cells to optic nerve to LGN to visual cortex

39
Q

What can cause unilateral field loss

A

Optic nerve compression

40
Q

Homonymous hemianopia

A

Right cerebrovascular event

41
Q

macular sparing homonymous hemianopia

A

Stroke - This happens as the macula received dual blood supply

Opthalmology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions