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Practical - Y1B3 (CVS & IBL) 📘 > Anatomy 🫀 > Flashcards

Anatomy 🫀 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the right atrium divided by and what is it divided into?

A
  • it is divided by crista terminalis into rough anterior part & smooth posterior part
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2
Q

What is the extension of crista terminalis?

A
  • crista terminalis extends from opening of superior vena cava to the opening of inferior vena cava & it is marked on the outer surface by a groove called sulcus terminales
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3
Q

What does the rough anterior part of the right atrium contain?

A
  • contains muscular projections called musculi pectinati
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4
Q

What does the smooth posterior part of the right atrium receive?

A
  • receives opening of the big veins
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5
Q

What does the interatrial septum contain?

A
  • fossa ovalis: oval depression (marks the location of foramen ovale)
  • annulus ovalis: a ridge surrounding fossa ovalis
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6
Q

What are the opening of the right atrium?

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Coronary sinus: has a valve to prevent return of blood to coronary sinus
  • Right atrioventricular opening: guarded by tricuspid valve
  • Anterior cardiac veins
  • Venae cordis minimae: smallest cardiac veins
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7
Q

Where does the superior vena cava open in the right atrium?

A
  • opposite right 3rd sternocostal junction, has no valve
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8
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava open in the right atrium?

A
  • opposite right 6th sternocostal junction, has
    rudimentary valve
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the cavity of the left atrium?

A
  • its cavity is smooth except the left auricle which is rough as it contains musculi pectinate
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10
Q

What are the opening of the left atrium?

A
  • 4 pulmonary veins: carry oxygenated blood from lung to heart
  • Left atrioventricular opening: guarded by mitral valve
  • Venae cordis minimae
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11
Q

Compare between the right ventricle and left ventricle according to:

Wall thickness
CS
Outflow part
Papillary muscles
Presence of moderator band

A

Wall thickness: Wall is thinner - Wall is 3 times thicker

CS: Semilunar in cross section - Circular in cross section

Outflow part: Outflow part is infundibulum - Outflow part is aortic vestibule

Papillary muscles: Has 3 papillary muscles ( ant., post. & septal) - Has 2 papillary muscles ( ant. & post.)

Presence of moderator band: Has moderator band - Has no moderator band

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of the upper out-flowing part of the right ventricle?

A
  • is smooth and called infundibulum
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the lower inflowing part of the right ventricle?

A
  • rough and contains muscular ridges (trabeculae carnae)
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14
Q

What are the papillary muscles in the right ventricle attached to and what are they attached by?

A
  • 3 papillary muscles (ant., post. & septal) are attached to the 3 cusps of tricuspid valve by tendinous bands called cordae tendinae
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15
Q

What does the moderator band in the right ventricle connect and what does it carry?

A
  • it contains moderator band which connects the interventricular septum with the anterior papillary muscle. It carries the right branch of A-V bundle
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the upper out-flowing part of the left ventricle?

A
  • smooth and called aortic vestibule
17
Q

What are the characteristics of the lower inflowing part of the left ventricle?

A
  • rough and contains trabeculae carnae
18
Q

What are the papillary muscles in the left ventricle attached to and what are they attached by?

A
  • 2 papillary mmuscles (ant. & post.) are attached to the 2 cusps of mitral valve by chordae tendinae
19
Q

Compare between tricuspid valve and mitral valve according to:

Connection
No. Of cusps
No of tips of fingers admitted
Site

A

Connection:

  • Between right atrium & right ventricle
  • Between left - atrium & left ventricle

No. Of cusps:

  • Has 3 cusps: ant., post. & septal
  • Has 2 cusps: ant. & post.

No of tips of fingers admitted:

  • Admits tips of 3 fingers
  • Admits tips of 2 fingers

Site:

  • Opposite left 4th intercostal space
  • Opposite left 4th sternocostal junction
20
Q

Compare between the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve according to:

Connection
No and Site of cusps
Site

A

Connection:

  • In upper part of right ventricle
  • In upper part of left ventricle

No and Site of cusps:

  • Has 3 cusps: one anterior & 2 posterior
  • Has 3 cusps: one posterior & 2 anterior

Site:

  • Opposite left 3rd sternocostal junction
  • Opposite left 3rd intercostal space
21
Q

What is the arterial supply of the heart?

A

1- Right coronary artery
2- Left coronary artery

22
Q

What is the origin of right coronary artery?

A
  • right aortic sinus of ascending aorta
23
Q

What is the course of right coronary artery?

A
  • pass between right auricle & pulmonary trunk then pass in coronary sulcus between right atrium & right ventricle
24
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

1- to S-A node 65%

2- atrial branch to right atrium

3- marginal artery: along inferior border & supply right ventricle

4- posterior intervenricular artery: in the posterior interventricular groove Supplies: posterior wall of both ventricles Posterior third of interventricular septum

25
Q

What is the origin of left coronary artery?

A
  • Left aortic sinus of ascending aorta
26
Q

What is the course of left coronary artery?

A
  • pass between left auricle & pulmonary trunk, it divides into 2 terminal branches anterior interventricular & circumflex arteries, it continues as circumflex artery in coronary sulcus between left atrium & left ventricle on the diaphragmatic surface
27
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

1-to S-A node 35%

2-atrial branch to left atrium

3-circumflex artery gives marginal branch to left ventricle

4-anterior interventricular artery in anterior interventricular groove Supplies: Anterior wall of both ventricles Anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
A-V bundle & its 2 branches

28
Q

What is the venous drainage of the heart?

A
  1. Coronary sinus
  2. Anterior cardiac veins: Small veins on anterior surface of right ventricle which open into anterior wall of right atrium
  3. Venae cordis minimae: Smallest cardiac veins which open into all chambers of the heart
29
Q

What is the definition of the coronary sinus?

A
  • short dilated venous channel 2-3 cm
30
Q

What is the site of the coronary sinus?

A
  • in the coronary groove between left atrium & left ventricle
31
Q

What are the tributaries of the coronary sinus?

A

1- Great cardiac vein: In anterior interventricular groove with anterior interventricular artery

2- Middle cardiac vein: In posterior interventricular groove with posterior interventricular artery

3- Small cardiac vein: Along inferior border of the heart with marginal artery of right coronary

4- Posterior cardiac vein: On posterior surface of left ventricle

5- Oblique vein of left atrium

32
Q

What is the termination of the coronary sinus?

A
  • in right atrium between opening of IVC & tricuspid orifice
33
Q

What is the definition of the mediastinum?

A

median partition of the thorax between two pleural cavities.

34
Q

What are the boundaries of the mediastinum?

A

1-Anteriorly:- sternum.
2-Posteriorly:- thoracic vertebral column
3-Superiorly:- thoracic inlet.
4-Inferiorly:- diaphragm.
5-Laterally:- mediastinal pleurae.

35
Q

What are the divisions of the mediastinum?

A
  • Divided by imaginary plane from the sternal angle to lower border of T4 into:
    1. Superior mediastinum.
    2. inferior mediastinum: (Anterior mediastinum, Middle mediastinum and Posterior mediastinum).
36
Q

What are the contents of superior mediastinum?

“The ABBR SVC tubes and nerves”

“Check the summary for mnemonics”

A
  1. Thymus gland.
  2. Arteries: (arch of the aorta & its 3 branches; brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery).
  3. Veins: (Right brachiocephalic vein, Left brachiocephalic vein and upper part of Superior vena cava).
  4. 3 tubes (Trachea, Esophagus and Thoracic duct).
  5. Nerves (Right & left vagus, Right & left phrenic and Left. recurrent laryngeal nerve)
37
Q

What are the contents of posterior mediastinum?

“Dates”

A
  1. The descending thoracic aorta
  2. The azygos and hemiazygos veins
  3. Oesophagus
  4. The two vagi nerves
  5. The thoracic duct
38
Q

What are the contents of anterior mediastinum?

“The lymph leg”

A
  1. Thymus gland
  2. Superior and inferior sternopericardiac ligaments
  3. Lymph nodes
39
Q

What are the contents of middle mediastinum?

“HAPT SVC-IVC PV BR PH”

A
  1. Pericardium & heart.
  2. Ascending aorta.
  3. Pulmonary trunk & its two branches: Right pulmonary artery and left pulmonary artery
  4. Lower half of superior vena cava.
  5. Upper part of the inferior vena cava.
  6. Four pulmonary veins.
  7. The bifurcation of the trachea and the right and left principle bronchi.
  8. The right and left phrenic nerves

Practical - Y1B3 (CVS & IBL) 📘 (8 decks)

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