ANATOMY Flashcards
Three structures used in digestion (in the mouth)
(1) Teeth are accessory digestive organs, responsible for mastication, or the mechanical digestion in the mouth
(2) Salivary amylase initiates the breakdown of starch.
(3) Lingual lipase breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids.
3 major regions of the tooth
(1) Crown (coronal) is the visible region of the tooth above the level of the gums.
(2) Neck (cervical) is the region of the tooth which encompasses the junction of the crown and root near the gum line. It contains the Cementumal Enamel Junction (CEJ) where the Enamel and Cementum meet.
(3) Root (radicular) is the region of the tooth that is embedded in the socket. It can have one, two, three, or more roots and is termed single-rooted, bifurcated, trifurcated, and
multi-rooted respectfully.
3 Tissues of the tooth
(4) Enamel is the tissue of the tooth that covers the crown, and consists primarily of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. It is harder than bone because of its even higher content of calcium salts (about 95% dry weight). In fact, enamel is the hardest substance in the body. It serves to protect the tooth from the wear and tear of chewing. It also protects against acids that can easily dissolve dentin.
(5) Dentin is the tissue that forms the majority of the tooth. It consists of a calcified connective tissue that gives the tooth its basic shape and rigidity. It is harder than bone because of its higher content of calcium salts (70% dry weight).
(6) Pulp a connective tissue of the tooth located within the pulp cavity containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels. Narrow extensions of the pulp cavity, called root canals run through the root of the tooth. Each root canal has an opening at its base, the apical foramen through which blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves extend. The blood vessels bring nourishment, the lymphatic vessels offer protection, and the nerves provide sensation.
3 structures of pulp
blood
vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
3 something. I gotta clarify
(7) Cementum is a tissue of the attachment apparatus which covers the dentin of the roots. It is a bone-like substance, which attaches the root to the periodontal ligament.
(8) Periodontal ligaments are a tissue of the attachment apparatus which lines the tooth sockets and consists of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the teeth to the socket walls. They are innervated and provide proprioception.
(9) Alveolar process is a tissue of the attachment apparatus which is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets (alveoli) on bones that hold teeth in the maxilla and mandible.
4 types of teeth
incisors
canines
premolar
molar
The adult moth has how many teeth and are numbered from what-what
32
1-32
What are the muscles of mastication
Temporalis
masseter
ptyergoid
What are the seven nerves
(1) Anterior Superior Alveolar (ASA)
(2) Middle Superior Alveolar (MSA)
(3) Posterior Superior Alveolar (PSA)
(4) Infraorbital (IO)
(5) Inferior Alveolar (IA)
(6) Lingual
(7) Mental
What are the three salivary glands
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
How are anesthetics measured
in percentage
how is epi measured
in ratio
What are the two anesthetics
2% lidocaine/xylocaine (1:100,000)
0.5% Bupivacaine/Marcaine (1:200,000)
Signs og epinephrine overdose
Early-hyped, like energetic
Late-start drifting off, like a dream state
What size needle do we use for dental anesthesia
1 or 1.5, 25-30 gauge needle
