Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Thumb dermatome
A
C6
2
Q
Hip adductors myotomes
A
L2 L3 (L4)
3
Q
Knee flexors myotomes
A
(L4) L5 S1
4
Q
Toe flexors myotomes
A
S1 s2
5
Q
Biceps reflex root
A
C5 C6
6
Q
Triceps reflex root
A
C7
7
Q
Knee jerk root
A
L3 L4
8
Q
What is neuropraxia
A
Mildest periph nerve injury. Conduction block. Reversible
Sunderland 1
9
Q
Recovery period Sunderland 1 /neuropraxia peripheral nerve injury
A
≤3 months
10
Q
What is axonotmesis
A
Axons divided but nerve itself intact. Axonal sprouting, Wallerian degeneration. Loss of conduction
(Sunderland 2-4 )
11
Q
What is neurotmesis
A
Rupture of nerve, no longer a continuous fiber. Complete division. Needs surgery.
(Sunderland 5 )
12
Q
Shoulder abduction nerve root
A
C5
13
Q
Flexion at elbow nerve root
A
C5 C6
14
Q
Wrist extension nerve root
A
C6
15
Q
Elbow extension nerve root
A
C7
16
Q
Neck flexion myotome
A
C1 C2
17
Q
Neck extension myotome
A
C1 C2
18
Q
Neck lateral flexion myotome
A
C3
19
Q
Shoulder elevation myotome
A
C4
20
Q
Shoulder abduction myotome
A
C5
21
Q
Elbow flexion myotome
A
C5 C6
22
Q
Wrist extension myotome
A
C6
23
Q
Elbow extension myotome
A
C7
24
Q
Wrist flexion myotome
A
C7
25
Thumb extension myotome
C8
26
Finger flexion myotome
C8
27
Finger abduction myotome
T1
28
Hip flexion myotome
(L1) L2 L3
| Lift my knee
29
Knee extension myotome
(L3) L4
| Kick the door
30
Ankle dorsiflexion myotome
(L4) L5
31
Ankle plantarflexion myotome
S1 (S2)
32
Hip adduction myotome
L2 L3 L4
| Modesty closes the door
33
Hip abduction myotome
L5 S1 S2
| Woo hoo
34
Toe flex myotome
S1 S2
35
Label picture 7
see picture 8
36
What inserts onto olecranon of ulna?
Triceps tendon
37
Which muscle inserts onto ulnar tuberosity?
Brachialis
38
Name the 5 flexor/volar zones of the hand.
Zone 1: distal to flexor digitorum profundus (fdp) insertion
Zone 2 : proximal a2 pulley (distal to MCP joints of digits 2-5) to FDP insertion
Zone 3: carpal tunnel to proximal a2 pulley
Zone 4: carpal tunnel
Zone 5: proximal to carpal tunnel
39
Label picture 8
see picture 9
40
where on scapula does clavicle articulate?
Acromion
41
Which 2 muscles attach to coracoid process?
* Coracobrachialis
| * short head biceps
42
On which part of scapula does humerus attach to?
Head of humerus to glenoid cavity
43
Which nerve runs on the posterior surface of the body of the scapula?
axillary nerve
44
Biceps function? (2)
Flex elbow and supinate forearm
45
Brachialis muscle function?
Flex elbow
46
Coracobrachialis muscle function? (2)
Flex and adduct arm at Glenohumeral joint
47
Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
BBC
. Biceps
. Brachialis
• coracobrachialis
48
Which nerve innervates the ant compartment of arm?
Musculocutaneous
49
Function deltoid muscle? (3)
Abduct, flex, extend shoulder
50
Function teres minor muscle? (2)
* Externally rotate shoulder
| * form part of rotator cuff which stabilise shoulder joint
51
Label picture 10
See picture 11
52
Where on humerus does axillary nerve run?
Surgical neck
53
Where on humerus does radial nerve run?
Radial groove on shaft
54
Where on humerus does ulnar nerve run?
Runs medial to humerus then pass posterior to medial epicondyle.
55
Where do the humerus and radius articulate? (2)
Head of radius to capitulum of humerus and radial fossa anterior
56
Function of brachioradialis muscle?
Flex elbow
57
Function of anconeus muscle? (2)
* Extend elbow
| * stabilise elbow joint
58
Sensory supply of radial nerve (3)
* Posterior arm and forearm
* lateral 2/3 dorsum hand
* prox dorsal aspect of lateral 3,5 fingers
59
Which nerve innervates muscles of post compartment arm?
Radial nerve
60
Which nerve innervates muscles of post compartment Forearm?
Radial nerve
61
Sensory supply of median nerve? (4)
• Thenar eminence
. Lateral 2/3 palm hand
• palmar aspect of lateral 3,5 fingers
• dorsal fingertips of lateral 3,5 fingers
62
Which nerves supply the anterior muscular compartment of the forearm?
* Median nerve most
| * ulnar nerve: flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of FDP
63
Which nerves supply the Intrinsic hand muscles ?
* Mostly ulnar nerve: hila - hypothenar eminence, interossei, medial 2 lumbricals, adductor policis
* median Nerve: loaf- lateral 2 lumbricals, opponens policis, abductor policis brevis, flexor policis longus
64
Sensory supply of ulnar nerve? (5)
* Hypothenar eminence
* medial 1/3 palm
* palmar aspect medial 1,5 fingers
* medial 1/3 dorsum hand
* dorsal aspect medial 1,5 fingers
65
Label picture 13
See picture 12
66
Label picture 15
See picture 16
67
Label picture 20
See picture 21
68
How does tibia and femur articulate? (2)
* Tibial plateau and femoral condyles to form the knee joint
| * intercondular tubercles of tibia formed by intercondylar eminence to intercondylar fossa of femur
69
Where on tibia does patellar ligament attach?
Tibial tuberosity anteriorly
70
How does tibia articulate with the ankle joint?
Medial malleolus of tibia with talus
71
How does fibula articulate with ankle joint?
Lateral malleolus to talus
72
Where is femoral pulse palpated?
As it enters femoral triangle, midway between ASIS and pubis symphysis (midinguinal point)
73
Where is Dorsalis pedis pulse palpated?
Dorsum of foot just lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon
74
Where is posterior tibial pulse palpated?
Inferoposteriorly to the medial malleolus
75
Knee joint type?
Hinge
76
Name the muscles innervated by the axillary nerve (2)
* Deltoid (flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, abductor of arm from 15 degrees taking over from supraspinatus)
* teres minor (lateral rotation)
77
Name the muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (3)
Anterior compartment of arm BBC - flex arm at shoulder and elbow
• biceps brachii (supination)
• coracobrachialis
• brachialis
78
Name the muscles innervated by the median nerve (11)
Anterior forearm most muscles
• pronator teres
•Palmaris longus (flex wrist and tense palmar aponeurosis)
• flexor carpi radialis (flex and abduct wrist)
• Flexor digitorum superficialis (flex PIPJ)
• Lateral half flexor digitorum profundus (anterior interosseous nerve) (flex index and middle DIPJ)
• pronator quadratus (anterior interosseous nerve)
• flexor pollicis longus (anterior interosseous nerve) (Flex thumb IPJ)
```
Hand LOAF
• lateral 2 lumbricals (palmar digital branch) (Flex MCPJ, ext IPJ index and middle)
• opponens policis (recurrent branch)
• abductor policis brevis
• flexor policis brevis (MCPJ)
```
79
Name the muscles innervated by the radial nerve (13)
Posterior arm all
• triceps ( extend shoulder and elbow, adduct shoulder)
```
Posterior forearm all
• brachioradialis ( flex elbow)
• anconeus (extend elbow and stabilise)
• supinator
• extensor carpi radialis longus ( extend and abduct wrist)
• extensor carpi radialis brevis
• extensor carpi ulnaris ( extend and adduct wrist)
• extensor digitorum communis (MCPJ, IPJs)
• extensor policis longus
• extensor pollicis brevis
• abductor pollicis longus
• extensor indices
• extensor digiti minimi
```
80
Name the muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve (9)
Anterior forearm 2 muscles
. Flexor carpi ulnaris (flex and adduct wrist)
• medial 2 parts flexor digitorum. profundus (flex ring and little fingers dipj)
```
Hand most HILA deep branch
• opponent digiti minimi
• flexor digiti minimi
. Abductor digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles)
• palmar interossei (adduct fingers)
• dorsal interossei (abduct fingers)
• medial 2 lumbricals (flex MCPJ, ext IPJs little and ring fingers)
• adductor pollicis
```
81
Name 5 functions of the deltoid muscle
* Flex arm at shoulder
* extend
* external rotation
* internal rotation
* abduction from 15° (take over from supraspinatus)
82
Name the function and innervation of the teres minor
Lateral rotation
| axillary nerve
83
Sensory supply of musculocutaneous nerve?
Lateral forearm
84
Name 2 functions and innervation of palmaris longus muscle
Median nerve
• tense palmar aponeurosis
• flex wrist
85
Name 3 functions and innervation of triceps brachii muscle
Radial nerve
• extend elbow
• extend shoulder
• adduct arm at shoulder
86
Name functions and innervation of brachioradialis muscle
Radial nerve
| Flex elbow
87
Name 3 functions and innervation of anconeus muscle
Radial Nerve
• extend elbow
• stabilise elbow
88
Major supinator of forearm
Biceps brachii
89
Sensory supply of femoral nerve?
* Ant thigh
| * medial leg
90
Lumbrical muscles function? (2)
* Flex MCP joint
| * Extend ip joints
91
Function of extensor digitorum communis?
Extend phalanges except thumb, at MCP joints primarily!
92
Name the rotator cuff muscles and their function
```
Sits
• supraspinatus (abduct arm 0-15 degrees, assist deltoid 15-90 )
• infraspinatus (lat rotation)
• teres minor (lat rotation)
• subscapularis (med rotation)
```
93
Function of the supraspinatus muscle?
Abduct 0-15°
| Assist deltoid 15-90°
94
Dermatome of the lateral upper arm?
C 5
95
Dermatome of the lateral lower arm?
C6
96
Dermatome of the index finger?
C6 dorsal, c7 ventral
97
Dermatome of the middle finger?
C7
98
Dermatome of the ring finger?
C7 c8
99
Dermatome of the pinkie?
C8
100
Dermatome of the medial lower arm?
T1
101
Dermatome of the medial upper arm?
T2
102
Dermatome of the armpit?
T3
103
Dermatome of the shoulder?
C4
104
Dermatome of the anterior groin?
L1
105
Dermatome of the lateral hip?
L2
106
Dermatome of the anterior thigh?
L3
107
Dermatome of the medial lower leg?
L5
108
Dermatome of the big toe?
L5
109
Dermatome of the small toe?
S1
110
Dermatome of the post thigh?
S1
111
Dermatome of the perianal region?
S4 s5
112
Which muscle plantarflex the first metatarsal?
Tibialis anterior
113
Key sensory point c2?
Occipital protuberance one cm lat
114
Key sensory point c3?
Supraclavicular fossa mcl
115
Key sensory point c 4?
Over Ac joint
116
Key sensory point c 5?
Lateral side antecubital fossa just proximal to elbow
117
Key sensory point c6?
Pulp of thumb
118
Key sensory point c7?
Pulp middle finger
119
Key sensory point c 8?
Pulp little finger
120
Key sensory point t 1?
Just proximal to medial epicondyle
121
Key sensory point t2?
Apex of Axilla
122
Key sensory point t3?
Mcl 3rd ICS
123
Key sensory point t4?
Nipple (mcl 4th ics )
124
Key sensory point t5?
Midway between nipples and xiphisternum, mcl 5th ics
125
Key sensory point t 6?
Mcl level of xiphisternum
126
Key sensory point t7?
Mcl, quarter between xiphisternum and umbilicus
127
Key sensory point t7?
Mcl, quarter between xiphisternum and umbilicus
128
Key sensory point t 10?
Mcl at level umbilicus
129
Key sensory point t 12?
Mcl over midpoint inguinal ligament
130
Key sensory point l2?
Anteromedial thigh at midpoint of inguinal ligament and medial femoral condyle
131
Key sensory point L3?
Medial femoral condyle
132
Key sensory point L 4?
Medial malleolus
133
Key sensory point L5?
Dorsal 2nd mtpj
134
Key sensory point s1?
Lateral aspect calcaneus
135
Key sensory point s 2?
Midpoint popliteal fossa
136
Key sensory point s 3?
Over ischial tuberosity or infragluteal fold
137
Key sensory point s 4-5?
Perianal.
