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Orthopaedics > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Thumb dermatome

A

C6

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2
Q

Hip adductors myotomes

A

L2 L3 (L4)

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3
Q

Knee flexors myotomes

A

(L4) L5 S1

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4
Q

Toe flexors myotomes

A

S1 s2

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5
Q

Biceps reflex root

A

C5 C6

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6
Q

Triceps reflex root

A

C7

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7
Q

Knee jerk root

A

L3 L4

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8
Q

What is neuropraxia

A

Mildest periph nerve injury. Conduction block. Reversible

Sunderland 1

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9
Q

Recovery period Sunderland 1 /neuropraxia peripheral nerve injury

A

≤3 months

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10
Q

What is axonotmesis

A

Axons divided but nerve itself intact. Axonal sprouting, Wallerian degeneration. Loss of conduction
(Sunderland 2-4 )

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11
Q

What is neurotmesis

A

Rupture of nerve, no longer a continuous fiber. Complete division. Needs surgery.
(Sunderland 5 )

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12
Q

Shoulder abduction nerve root

A

C5

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13
Q

Flexion at elbow nerve root

A

C5 C6

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14
Q

Wrist extension nerve root

A

C6

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15
Q

Elbow extension nerve root

A

C7

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16
Q

Neck flexion myotome

A

C1 C2

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17
Q

Neck extension myotome

A

C1 C2

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18
Q

Neck lateral flexion myotome

A

C3

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19
Q

Shoulder elevation myotome

A

C4

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20
Q

Shoulder abduction myotome

A

C5

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21
Q

Elbow flexion myotome

A

C5 C6

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22
Q

Wrist extension myotome

A

C6

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23
Q

Elbow extension myotome

A

C7

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24
Q

Wrist flexion myotome

A

C7

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25
Q

Thumb extension myotome

A

C8

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26
Q

Finger flexion myotome

A

C8

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27
Q

Finger abduction myotome

A

T1

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28
Q

Hip flexion myotome

A

(L1) L2 L3

Lift my knee

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29
Q

Knee extension myotome

A

(L3) L4

Kick the door

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30
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion myotome

A

(L4) L5

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31
Q

Ankle plantarflexion myotome

A

S1 (S2)

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32
Q

Hip adduction myotome

A

L2 L3 L4

Modesty closes the door

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33
Q

Hip abduction myotome

A

L5 S1 S2

Woo hoo

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34
Q

Toe flex myotome

A

S1 S2

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35
Q

Label picture 7

A

see picture 8

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36
Q

What inserts onto olecranon of ulna?

A

Triceps tendon

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37
Q

Which muscle inserts onto ulnar tuberosity?

A

Brachialis

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38
Q

Name the 5 flexor/volar zones of the hand.

A

Zone 1: distal to flexor digitorum profundus (fdp) insertion
Zone 2 : proximal a2 pulley (distal to MCP joints of digits 2-5) to FDP insertion
Zone 3: carpal tunnel to proximal a2 pulley
Zone 4: carpal tunnel
Zone 5: proximal to carpal tunnel

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39
Q

Label picture 8

A

see picture 9

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40
Q

where on scapula does clavicle articulate?

A

Acromion

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41
Q

Which 2 muscles attach to coracoid process?

A
  • Coracobrachialis

* short head biceps

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42
Q

On which part of scapula does humerus attach to?

A

Head of humerus to glenoid cavity

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43
Q

Which nerve runs on the posterior surface of the body of the scapula?

A

axillary nerve

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44
Q

Biceps function? (2)

A

Flex elbow and supinate forearm

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45
Q

Brachialis muscle function?

A

Flex elbow

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46
Q

Coracobrachialis muscle function? (2)

A

Flex and adduct arm at Glenohumeral joint

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47
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

BBC
. Biceps
. Brachialis
• coracobrachialis

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48
Q

Which nerve innervates the ant compartment of arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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49
Q

Function deltoid muscle? (3)

A

Abduct, flex, extend shoulder

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50
Q

Function teres minor muscle? (2)

A
  • Externally rotate shoulder

* form part of rotator cuff which stabilise shoulder joint

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51
Q

Label picture 10

A

See picture 11

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52
Q

Where on humerus does axillary nerve run?

A

Surgical neck

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53
Q

Where on humerus does radial nerve run?

A

Radial groove on shaft

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54
Q

Where on humerus does ulnar nerve run?

A

Runs medial to humerus then pass posterior to medial epicondyle.

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55
Q

Where do the humerus and radius articulate? (2)

A

Head of radius to capitulum of humerus and radial fossa anterior

56
Q

Function of brachioradialis muscle?

A

Flex elbow

57
Q

Function of anconeus muscle? (2)

A
  • Extend elbow

* stabilise elbow joint

58
Q

Sensory supply of radial nerve (3)

A
  • Posterior arm and forearm
  • lateral 2/3 dorsum hand
  • prox dorsal aspect of lateral 3,5 fingers
59
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles of post compartment arm?

A

Radial nerve

60
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles of post compartment Forearm?

A

Radial nerve

61
Q

Sensory supply of median nerve? (4)

A

• Thenar eminence
. Lateral 2/3 palm hand
• palmar aspect of lateral 3,5 fingers
• dorsal fingertips of lateral 3,5 fingers

62
Q

Which nerves supply the anterior muscular compartment of the forearm?

A
  • Median nerve most

* ulnar nerve: flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of FDP

63
Q

Which nerves supply the Intrinsic hand muscles ?

A
  • Mostly ulnar nerve: hila - hypothenar eminence, interossei, medial 2 lumbricals, adductor policis
  • median Nerve: loaf- lateral 2 lumbricals, opponens policis, abductor policis brevis, flexor policis longus
64
Q

Sensory supply of ulnar nerve? (5)

A
  • Hypothenar eminence
  • medial 1/3 palm
  • palmar aspect medial 1,5 fingers
  • medial 1/3 dorsum hand
  • dorsal aspect medial 1,5 fingers
65
Q

Label picture 13

A

See picture 12

66
Q

Label picture 15

A

See picture 16

67
Q

Label picture 20

A

See picture 21

68
Q

How does tibia and femur articulate? (2)

A
  • Tibial plateau and femoral condyles to form the knee joint

* intercondular tubercles of tibia formed by intercondylar eminence to intercondylar fossa of femur

69
Q

Where on tibia does patellar ligament attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity anteriorly

70
Q

How does tibia articulate with the ankle joint?

A

Medial malleolus of tibia with talus

71
Q

How does fibula articulate with ankle joint?

A

Lateral malleolus to talus

72
Q

Where is femoral pulse palpated?

A

As it enters femoral triangle, midway between ASIS and pubis symphysis (midinguinal point)

73
Q

Where is Dorsalis pedis pulse palpated?

A

Dorsum of foot just lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon

74
Q

Where is posterior tibial pulse palpated?

A

Inferoposteriorly to the medial malleolus

75
Q

Knee joint type?

A

Hinge

76
Q

Name the muscles innervated by the axillary nerve (2)

A
  • Deltoid (flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, abductor of arm from 15 degrees taking over from supraspinatus)
  • teres minor (lateral rotation)
77
Q

Name the muscles innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (3)

A

Anterior compartment of arm BBC - flex arm at shoulder and elbow
• biceps brachii (supination)
• coracobrachialis
• brachialis

78
Q

Name the muscles innervated by the median nerve (11)

A

Anterior forearm most muscles
• pronator teres
•Palmaris longus (flex wrist and tense palmar aponeurosis)
• flexor carpi radialis (flex and abduct wrist)
• Flexor digitorum superficialis (flex PIPJ)
• Lateral half flexor digitorum profundus (anterior interosseous nerve) (flex index and middle DIPJ)
• pronator quadratus (anterior interosseous nerve)
• flexor pollicis longus (anterior interosseous nerve) (Flex thumb IPJ)

Hand LOAF
• lateral 2 lumbricals (palmar digital branch) (Flex MCPJ, ext IPJ index and middle)
• opponens policis (recurrent branch)
• abductor policis brevis
• flexor policis brevis (MCPJ)
79
Q

Name the muscles innervated by the radial nerve (13)

A

Posterior arm all
• triceps ( extend shoulder and elbow, adduct shoulder)

Posterior forearm all
• brachioradialis ( flex elbow)
• anconeus (extend elbow and stabilise)
• supinator
• extensor carpi radialis longus ( extend and abduct wrist)
• extensor carpi radialis brevis
• extensor carpi ulnaris ( extend and adduct wrist)
• extensor digitorum communis (MCPJ, IPJs)
• extensor policis longus
• extensor pollicis brevis
• abductor pollicis longus
• extensor indices
• extensor digiti minimi
80
Q

Name the muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve (9)

A

Anterior forearm 2 muscles
. Flexor carpi ulnaris (flex and adduct wrist)
• medial 2 parts flexor digitorum. profundus (flex ring and little fingers dipj)

Hand most HILA deep branch
• opponent digiti minimi
• flexor digiti minimi
. Abductor digiti minimi (hypothenar muscles)
• palmar interossei (adduct fingers)
• dorsal interossei (abduct fingers)
• medial 2 lumbricals (flex MCPJ, ext IPJs little and ring fingers)
• adductor pollicis
81
Q

Name 5 functions of the deltoid muscle

A
  • Flex arm at shoulder
  • extend
  • external rotation
  • internal rotation
  • abduction from 15° (take over from supraspinatus)
82
Q

Name the function and innervation of the teres minor

A

Lateral rotation

axillary nerve

83
Q

Sensory supply of musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral forearm

84
Q

Name 2 functions and innervation of palmaris longus muscle

A

Median nerve
• tense palmar aponeurosis
• flex wrist

85
Q

Name 3 functions and innervation of triceps brachii muscle

A

Radial nerve
• extend elbow
• extend shoulder
• adduct arm at shoulder

86
Q

Name functions and innervation of brachioradialis muscle

A

Radial nerve

Flex elbow

87
Q

Name 3 functions and innervation of anconeus muscle

A

Radial Nerve
• extend elbow
• stabilise elbow

88
Q

Major supinator of forearm

A

Biceps brachii

89
Q

Sensory supply of femoral nerve?

A
  • Ant thigh

* medial leg

90
Q

Lumbrical muscles function? (2)

A
  • Flex MCP joint

* Extend ip joints

91
Q

Function of extensor digitorum communis?

A

Extend phalanges except thumb, at MCP joints primarily!

92
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles and their function

A 
Sits
• supraspinatus (abduct arm 0-15 degrees, assist deltoid 15-90 )
• infraspinatus (lat rotation)
• teres minor (lat rotation)
• subscapularis (med rotation)
93
Q

Function of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Abduct 0-15°

Assist deltoid 15-90°

94
Q

Dermatome of the lateral upper arm?

A

C 5

95
Q

Dermatome of the lateral lower arm?

A

C6

96
Q

Dermatome of the index finger?

A

C6 dorsal, c7 ventral

97
Q

Dermatome of the middle finger?

A

C7

98
Q

Dermatome of the ring finger?

A

C7 c8

99
Q

Dermatome of the pinkie?

A

C8

100
Q

Dermatome of the medial lower arm?

A

T1

101
Q

Dermatome of the medial upper arm?

A

T2

102
Q

Dermatome of the armpit?

A

T3

103
Q

Dermatome of the shoulder?

A

C4

104
Q

Dermatome of the anterior groin?

A

L1

105
Q

Dermatome of the lateral hip?

A

L2

106
Q

Dermatome of the anterior thigh?

A

L3

107
Q

Dermatome of the medial lower leg?

A

L5

108
Q

Dermatome of the big toe?

A

L5

109
Q

Dermatome of the small toe?

A

S1

110
Q

Dermatome of the post thigh?

A

S1

111
Q

Dermatome of the perianal region?

A

S4 s5

112
Q

Which muscle plantarflex the first metatarsal?

A

Tibialis anterior

113
Q

Key sensory point c2?

A

Occipital protuberance one cm lat

114
Q

Key sensory point c3?

A

Supraclavicular fossa mcl

115
Q

Key sensory point c 4?

A

Over Ac joint

116
Q

Key sensory point c 5?

A

Lateral side antecubital fossa just proximal to elbow

117
Q

Key sensory point c6?

A

Pulp of thumb

118
Q

Key sensory point c7?

A

Pulp middle finger

119
Q

Key sensory point c 8?

A

Pulp little finger

120
Q

Key sensory point t 1?

A

Just proximal to medial epicondyle

121
Q

Key sensory point t2?

A

Apex of Axilla

122
Q

Key sensory point t3?

A

Mcl 3rd ICS

123
Q

Key sensory point t4?

A

Nipple (mcl 4th ics )

124
Q

Key sensory point t5?

A

Midway between nipples and xiphisternum, mcl 5th ics

125
Q

Key sensory point t 6?

A

Mcl level of xiphisternum

126
Q

Key sensory point t7?

A

Mcl, quarter between xiphisternum and umbilicus

127
Q

Key sensory point t7?

A

Mcl, quarter between xiphisternum and umbilicus

128
Q

Key sensory point t 10?

A

Mcl at level umbilicus

129
Q

Key sensory point t 12?

A

Mcl over midpoint inguinal ligament

130
Q

Key sensory point l2?

A

Anteromedial thigh at midpoint of inguinal ligament and medial femoral condyle

131
Q

Key sensory point L3?

A

Medial femoral condyle

132
Q

Key sensory point L 4?

A

Medial malleolus

133
Q

Key sensory point L5?

A

Dorsal 2nd mtpj

134
Q

Key sensory point s1?

A

Lateral aspect calcaneus

135
Q

Key sensory point s 2?

A

Midpoint popliteal fossa

136
Q

Key sensory point s 3?

A

Over ischial tuberosity or infragluteal fold

137
Q

Key sensory point s 4-5?

A

Perianal.

Orthopaedics (20 decks)

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