Anatomy 1 Exam Skull

Question 1

Functions of the Skeleton System1. Protection: rib cage, cranium & vertebrae2. Storage: 99% of calcium is stored in bones3. Movement: tendons that attach to muscle4. Support: vertebrae/back bone support other bones ie:5. Hemopoeisis: formation of all cells naturally present in blood

Answer 1

Classification of BonesAccording to shape: Geometric/shoulder bone small/toes Round/patella-knee cap Irregular/lumbar Long/femurAccording to individual names:Normal adult has 206 bones excludes: Sutural (wormian) bones: small & irregular shape bones that sometimes form along the lines of fusion of cranial bonesSesamoid bones: any bone embedded in the tendon of a muscle

Question 2

80 bones; form central axes of body where other bones & soft tissue attach itself

Answer 2

Axial Skeleton:a. Skull: b. Hyoid: c. Vertebrae: d. Sternum: e. Ribs:

Question 3

Skull: 28 bonesi. Cranium: 8 distinct bones that fuse together by age 2 to house & protect brainii. Face: 14 bonesiii. Auditory ossicles: 6 ear bones

Answer 3

Divisions of Skeleton1. Axial Skeleton: 80 bones2. Appendicular Skeleton: 126 bones

Question 4

horseshoe shape single bone located between voicebox & manidible

Answer 4

Hyoid:

Question 5

(spine) 26 individual bones in adult

Answer 5

Vertebrae:

Question 6

single bone; breast bone

Answer 6

Sternum:

Question 7

12 pair

Answer 7

Ribs:

Question 8

126 bones make up appendages

Answer 8

Appendicular Skeleton: a. Upper extremities (appendages) & pectoral girdle (shoulder joint): 64 bonesb. Lower extremities (appendages) & pelvic girdle (hip joint): 62 bones

Question 9

frontal, occipital, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, ethmoid, & sphenoid bones. Form bony encasement (vault) around the brain.

Answer 9

Cranium:

Question 10

portion of the cranium normally removed when performing a cranial autopsy.

Answer 10

CALVARIA-calvarium

Question 11

toward front; single cranial bone that form 4-head region

Answer 11

Frontal bone: a. Supraorbital margin: b. Superciliary arch: c. Glabella: d. Frontal eminences: e. Frontal air sinuses:

Question 12

part of frontal bone that form superior boundary of eye socket

Answer 12

Supraorbital margin:

Question 13

prominent ridge off frontal bone located directly posterior to eyebrows

Answer 13

Superciliary arch:

Question 14

slight elevation located between medial ends of the superciliary arches

Answer 14

Glabella:

Question 15

2 rounded protuberances which gives roundness & fullness to 4-head

Answer 15

Frontal eminences:

Question 16

air spaces located in frontal bone

Answer 16

Frontal air sinuses:

Question 17

2 pair cranial bone that form majority of top back roof & side

Answer 17

Parietal bones:

Question 18

single bone that form base of cranial vault

Answer 18

Occipital bone:a. Foramen magnum:b. Occipital condyles: c. External occipital protuberance (inion):

Question 19

large opening in occipital bone thru which spinal cord passes

Answer 19

Foramen magnum:

Question 20

2 prominences located on either side of foramen magnum; only one has direct articulate/touch with spinal column 1st cervical vertebrae

Answer 20

Occipital condyles:

Question 21

single bony prominence located on external bone occipital; serve as point of muscle attachment

Answer 21

External occipital protuberance (inion):

Question 22

4. Temporal bones: pair bones that form side of cranial vault; densitiest & thickest bone

Answer 22

Temporal bones: a. Squamous portion:b. Petrous portion: i. Auditory ossicles (ear bones) – 1. Malleus (hammer) 2. Incus (anvil) 3. Stapes (stirrup) ii. Carotid canal: c. Mastoid portion (air cells): d. Mandibular fossa (shallow depression):e. External auditory meatus: f. Zygomatic process:

Question 23

(squama) thin shell shape upper portion of temporal bones

Answer 23

Squamous portion:

Question 24

part of temporal bone that projects into cranial cavity

Answer 24

Petrous portion:

Question 25

(ear bones)

Answer 25

Auditory ossicles

Question 26

(hammer)

Answer 26

Malleus

Question 27

(anvil)

Answer 27

Incus

Question 28

(stirrup)

Answer 28

Stapes

Question 29

2 opening passageway thru each portion of temporal bone internal carotid arteries pass

Answer 29

Carotid canal:

Question 30

(air cells): massive part of temporal bone located posterior/behind ear

Answer 30

Mastoid portion

Question 31

2 shallow depression off temporal bone; which mandible/lower jaw articulate

Answer 31

Mandibular fossa (shallow depression):

Question 32

passageway thru temporal bone by which sound waves for hearing initially pass

Answer 32

External auditory meatus:

Question 33

bony projection off each temporal bone which goes anterior/toward front it articulate the zygomatic bone

Answer 33

Zygomatic process:

Question 34

single bone shape like bat with wings extended aka bat bone; form middle cranial fossa

Answer 34

Sphenoid bone: a. Sella turcica: b. Sphenoidal air sinuses:

Question 35

(Turkish saddle) shallow depression in sphenoid bone which houses & protect pituitary gland

Answer 35

Sella turcica:

Question 36

air space located in sphenoid; included in study of paranasal sinuses

Answer 36

Sphenoidal air sinuses:

Question 37

single thin & delicate that form bony structure of nasal septum

Answer 37

Ethmoid bone:

Question 38

most superior horizontal portion of ethmoid separated 2 nasal cavities from cranial cavity

Answer 38

Cribriform plate:

Question 39

short vertical portion of ethmoid bone that projects into cranial cavity

Answer 39

Crista galli:

Question 40

long vertical portion of ethmoid bone located inferior/beneath cribiform plate

Answer 40

Perpendicular plate:

Question 41

air spaces in ethmoid bone included in study paranasal sinuses

Answer 41

Ethmoidal air sinuses:

Question 42

Face: 14 bones

Answer 42

Face: 14 bones1. Nasal bones:2. Lacrimal bones: 3. Vomer bone: 4. Palatine bones: a. Maxillary process:5. Zygomatic (malar) bones: a. Temporal processes: 6. Inferior Nasal Conchae:7. Maxillae: (upper jaw) (not pair) a. Maxillary air sinuses (Antrum of Highmore): b. Alveolar process (tooth socket): c. Palatine process:8. Mandible (lower jaw): a. Ramus (rami – sing.): b. Angle: c. Body: i. Alveolar process: ii. Mental protuberance: (chin)

Question 43

2 small rectangle bones of face which help form bridge of nose

Answer 43

Nasal bones:

Question 44

2 fingernail shape bones of face which form medial boundaries of obital cavities

Answer 44

Lacrimal bones:

Question 45

single/unpair bone of face

Answer 45

Vomer bone:

Question 46

2 “L” shape bones of face help to form posterior portion of hard palate (roof of mouth)

Answer 46

Palatine bones:

Question 47

horizontal portion of each palatine bone that form posterior portion of hard palate; name cause articulate

Answer 47

Maxillary process:

Question 48

(cheek bones) make up lateral boundaries of opital cavities/eye socket

Answer 48

Zygomatic (malar) bones:

Question 49

bony projections off each zygomatic bones which goes posterior articulate/touch with zygomatic process off each temporal bone to form zygomatic arch (widest part of face)

Answer 49

Temporal processes:

Question 50

most inferior of 3 pair of conchae (scroll like turbinate bones) form 2 of 14 classified bones of the face

Answer 50

Inferior Nasal Conchae:

Question 51

(upper jaw) 2 bones that forms upper jaw (not pair)

Answer 51

Maxillae:

Question 52

air spaces located in upper jaw

Answer 52

Maxillary air sinuses (Antrum of Highmore):

Question 53

spaces in maxillae where upper teeth are housed or embedded

Answer 53

Alveolar process (tooth socket):

Question 54

part of maxillae that form anterior/front portion of hard palate

Answer 54

Palatine process:

Question 55

unpair/single bone of face; only immovable bone of face; shape like horse shoe

Answer 55

Mandible (lower jaw):

Question 56

2 vertical portion that look like a camel located on both sides of mandible

Answer 56

Ramus (rami – sing.):

Question 57

point at which each ramus articulate/touch with the body of mandible

Answer 57

Angle:

Question 58

horizontal portion of mandible

Answer 58

Body:

Question 59

tooth socket in body of mandible which house/embed lower teeth

Answer 59

Alveolar process:

Question 60

(chin) bony prominence located on the lower part of the mandible of face

Answer 60

Mental protuberance:

Question 61

unpair/single bone; located midway between lower jaw & voicebox only non-articulating bone of body suspended in air

Answer 61

Hyoid: