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Anatomy 1 > Anatomy 1 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy 1 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

structural and functional unit of nervous tissue

A

Neuron

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2
Q

Arteries do have a lumen and appear cream in colorNerves appear shiny and contain no lumen (opening)

A

Function of nervous system is to transmit nerve impulses throughout the bodyNerves made up of individual fibers

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System1. Spinal nerves2. Cranial nerves

A

Central Nervous System1. Brain (encephalon)2. Spinal cord

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory nerve-control sense of smell-most anterior

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic nerve-control sense of sight

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigemina-splits in 3 parts

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Acoustic (auditory)

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus

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14
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Spinal accessory

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15
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal-most posterior

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16
Q

Largest portion of brain2 distinct halves called hemispheresCenter for higher emotional acts ie: thinking, reasoning, memory

A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

Located posterior base of cranial cavityControls equilibrium (balance) and coordinates various muscle actions

A

Cerebellum

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18
Q

Consists of several different parts known ie: midbrain, diencephalon, pons, & medulla oblongata

A

Brain Stem

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19
Q

Serves as a line of communication between the spinal cord and the brainClassified as part of the brain itself

A

Brain Stem

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20
Q

4 fluid-filled spaces or cavities within the brain

A

VentriclesFlow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) begins in “most superior ventricles” and fills remaining ventricles like a waterfall.The flow of CSF is occluded (blocked), result in hydrocephalus

21
Q

3 layered membrane which surrounds both the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meninges

22
Q

Layers making up meninges(Outermost to Innermost)

A
  1. Dura mater2. Arachnoid3. Pia mater
23
Q

Outermost layer of meninges, also the thickest and toughest

A

Dura Mater

24
Q

Middle layer of meninges, which is weblike in appearance

A

Arachnoid

25
Q

Innermost layer of meniges, only layer of the meninges to follow every peak and valley of the brain tissue itself. To a large extent, the blood supply to the brain is carried by it.

A

Pia Mater

26
Q

Originates in and fills the ventricles of the brain.Flows around the brain and spinal cord in the space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of the meninges.AKA: Subarachnoid space

A

Cerebrospinal fluid spaces (CSF)

27
Q

Begins at the upper border of the first cervical vertebrae (atlas)

A

Spinal cord Origin

28
Q

Terminates at the inferior border of the fifth lumbar vertebrae

A

Spinal cord Termination

29
Q

Protection of spinal cordPrimarily consists of 24 or 26 individual vertebrae of adult spine

A

Spinal cord StructureEach vertebrae has a central foramen (opening) through which the spinal cord will pass

30
Q

Surrounds the brain and covers the spinal cord

A

Meninges

31
Q

Inferior group of spinal nerves, which are longer than the others.Outside of vertebrae, they hang down and resemble a horse’s tail

A

Cauda equina(part of 31 pair spinal nerves)

32
Q

Study of glands

A

Adenology

33
Q

any organ which produces a useful substance

A

Gland

34
Q

Useful substance produced by any gland

A

Secretion

35
Q
  1. Exocrine2. Endocrine3. Heterocrine
A

Types of glands

36
Q

Have a definite ductAn organ that releases its useful substance through definite ducts or passageways

A

ExocrineIE: Salivary glands - moist food during chewing, enzymesBilary tract - passageway for bile, breakdown fatsStomach Intestine

37
Q

ductlessrelease useful substance directly in blood stream

A

EndocrineIE:PituitaryThyroidParathyroids-calciumAdrenal-epinephrineTestes-testosteroneOvaries-estrogen/progesteronePancreatic isles-insulin/glucagon

38
Q

Any gland that has both exocrine & endocrine in the same gland (2 separate secretions)One is shipped through the duct the other directly into the blood stream.

A

Heterorcrine1. Prancreas - insulin/endocrine & pancreatic/exocrine2. Prostate3. gonads

39
Q

located at the base of the brain. The common name is “The Master Gland”; it tells other glands what to produce.

A

Pituitary (Hypothesis)Most famous for producing growth hormone (dwarfism or giantism)

40
Q

largest endocrine gland. It is the largest endocrine glands and located at the base of the neck needs iodine to function properly, body metabolism

A

Thyroid

41
Q

4 very smalls glands located behind thyroid. They regulate calcium

A

Parathyroid glands

42
Q

Located above the kidneys; each has an outer portion(cortex) and inner portion medulla; cortex responsible for 3 S’s. (Sex, Sugar, Salt); produces adrenaline (epinephrine, so called “fight or flight” hormone. Purpose to prepare body for emergency situation.

A

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands

43
Q

Produces insulin which regulates blood sugar (glucose) metabolism

A

Pancreatic Islets (Isles of Langerhans)

44
Q

sex glands

A

Gonads

45
Q

produce testosterone (male hormone) responsible for development of secondarily sex characteristics in men.ie: deepening of voice, facial hair, sexually mature at age 19

A

Testes

46
Q

produce 2 hormones (estrogen/progesterone) into blood stream responsible for development of secondarily sex characteristics in women.ie: pubic hair, breast enlargement, sexually mature at 30.

A

Ovaries

47
Q

Produce by ovaries to prepare woman’s body for pregnancy

A

Progesterone

48
Q

Active chemical substances presence in secretions of the endocrine glands

A

Hormones

Anatomy 1 (8 decks)

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