Anatomy 1 Exam 5 Flashcards
skin
Integument
– outermost layer of skin, vascular only organ in body that regenerate
Epidermis (cuticle)
– “true skin”; vascular; 2nd degree burns occur here
Dermis (corium)
Derivatives structure of skin
B. Derivatives structure of skina. Nails: b. Hair:c. Glands:d. Sensory components:
protective structures for extremities
Nails:
3 Types of Glands (derivatives structure of skin)
Glands:i. Sudoriferous (sweat): ii. Sebaceous (oil): iii. Cerumen (ear wax):
rid of salt or waste products
Sudoriferous (sweat):
keep skin moist
Sebaceous (oil):
sticky substance design to keep particular out of deep inner ear
Cerumen (ear wax):
hot, cold, pain & pressure
Sensory components:
Integumentary/Skin System Principle functions
a. Sense of touch – prick skin with needle, tuning fork on ankleb. Protection for deeper tissuesc. Regulates body temperature – arrector pili muscle that constricts to keep heat inside bodyd. Excretory organ – heat, salt
muscle that constricts to keep heat inside body
arrector pili
exchange of oxygen from the outside air for waste gases/carbon dioxide
Respiration (commonly called breathing): 1. External respiration: 2. Internal respiration:
at alveoli; 1st place in tiny air sacs where outside air/oxygen is exchange with waste gases/carbon dioxide in right living
External respiration:
at body capillaries (single layer blood vessels); exchange of oxygen from outside air for waste gases/carbon dioxide that occur in the capillaries
Internal respiration:
most anterior feature of face; 1st organ where air passes from outside of body into lungs
Nose
2 opens located outside the body and inside the nose
Anterior nares (nostrils)
spaces inside the nose
Nasal cavities:
4 air spaces located in bones near or along side nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses:
4 Types Paranasal sinuses:
i. Frontal air sinuses: ii. Maxillary air sinuses: iii. Sphenoidal air sinuses: iv. Ethmoidal air sinuses:
located in frontal bone behind eyebrow
Frontal air sinuses:
located in maxilla or upper jaw (“Antrum of Highmone”)
Maxillary air sinuses:
large single air space located in the sphenoid bone located in base of skull
Sphenoidal air sinuses:
located in the ethmoid bone
Ethmoidal air sinuses:
superior, middle, inferior; 3 pairs of small scroll like turbinate bones to increase surface area where air you breathe can be heated and filtered
Conchae:
leaves from nasal cavity to throat; 2 openings located between nasal cavity & throat
Posterior nares (choanae):
wall made of cartilage & bone which separates the 2 nasal cavities
Nasal septum:
4 Types of Nasal cavities:
a. Paranasal sinuses: b. Conchae: c. Posterior nares (choanae):d. Nasal septum:
sense of smell; filters & heats the air we breath
Nose
Pharynx Divisions – most superior to inferior
- Nasopharynx: 2. Oropharynx: 3. Laryngopharynx:
1st division used; part located above soft palate (top of mouth); Eustachian tubes (2 openings located between middle ear & nasopharynx)
Nasopharynx:
part of throat see in mirror
Oropharynx:
most inferior to throat that has direct only contact to the opening of the voicebox; between thyroid & thyroid cartilage (largest piece of cartilage that make up voicebox a.k.a “adam’s apple”)
Laryngopharynx:
7 openings into throat;
1 -mouth (mouth cavity proper & oropharynx) 2 -choanae (nasal cavity & throat) 2 -Eustachian tubes (middle ear & nasopharynx) 1 -esophagus 1 -glottis (single open between laryngopharynx/voicebox & nasopharynx)
passageway for air between the nose & larynx
Pharynx
– voicebox made of 3 distinct pieces of cartilage1. Cartilages2. Vocal folds3. Glottis
Larynx
(largest & most superior piece of cartilage);
“thyroid/adam apple”
(most inferior piece of cartilage that makes up voicebox);
“Cricoid”
(leaf shape piece of cartilage located inside other 2 cartilage [thyroid/cricoid] during swallowing it remains stationary
“epiglottis”
2 folds of tissue stretched transversal/horizontal inside the voicebox
Vocal folds (cords):
name of opening between laryngopharynx & larynx
Glottis:
respiratory system passageway for air between throat & windpipe; serves as the source of voice.
LarynxNOTE: male voicebox is larger than female
(windpipe)C-shaped rings; distinct rings of cartilage
Trachea
passageway for air between larynx (voicebox) & bronchi
Trachea
2 passageways for air located between trachea/windpipe & lungs
Bronchia:
a. Structure:i. As enter lungs it divides into bronchial tubes & bronchioles as each enters the lungs ii. Alveoli: tiny air sacs located at the end of bronchioles within the lungs
Bronchia:
site of external respiration; 1st place of exchange of oxygen with waste products
Lungs (chief respiratory organs)
Lungs Structure
i. Lobesii. Bronchopulmonary segments: iii. Fissures: iv. Cardiac notch:
– 3 in rt; 2 in lft; individual segments of lung tissues
Lobes
10; name of smaller sections of lung tissue
Bronchopulmonary segments:
2 in rt; 1 in lft; boundary lines/separation lines between lobes in lungs
Fissures:
shallow impression present on the medial side of each lung; more prominent on left lung
Cardiac notch:
legal aspect for fetal death vs. live birth
Medico:
Respiratory Associate Structures
a. Pleura:b. Pleural cavity: c. Root (hilum or hilus) of lung:
thin membrane which align & surround the lungs
Pleura: 1. Visceral pleura:2. Parietal pleura:
part of membrane that is directly attached to lung cavity
Visceral pleura:
part of membrane that is located closet to body wall
Parietal pleura:
space present between visceral & parietal pleura filled with fluid to lubricate lungs to expand breathing
Pleural cavity:
point on medical side of each lung at which pulmonary blood vessels & bronchus enters & leaves lungs
Root (hilum or hilus) of lung:
