Anatomy 1 Exam 4 Flashcards
membrane that lines all abdominal organs. (Retroperitoneal)
Lye deep in abdominal/pelvic cavity; located behind (Retroperitoneal - membrane that lines all abdominal organs.)Kidneys
fat around kidneys
Perirenal fat pad/capsule:
outer portion of each kidney seen in cross section
Cortex:
inner portion of each kidney seen in cross section
Medulla:
minuet tube like structures within the kidney which filter waste products from the blood
Tubules:
little tufts of capillaries located within the structural & functional unit of the kidney
Glomeruli:
produce urine (excretion / waste) product, color based on concentration intake; control pH & water balance
Kidneys
from kidney to urinary bladder
Ureters
tapered (funnel) shaped tubes, opening is widest when first leave kidney and narrow away from kidney
Ureters
passageway for urine from the kidneys to urinary bladder
Ureters
1st part of ureters where urine 1st past after filters by kidneys (look like deer antlers)
Calyces (calyx – sing.) cup like extensions of the ureters;
central collection area for urine
Pelvis-Renal:
store urine temporarilytransitional cells that can stretch itself to its fullest capacity; does have a breaking point
Urinary Bladderpubic region; lowest 3 levels of middle region out of 9
from urinary bladder to outside of body
Urethra
used/shared by GUT (Genital Urinary Tract); reproductive & urinary system
Male Urethra (function differ):
shorter; only used for urination
Female Urethra (structure differ):
passageway for food which begins in the mouth & ends at the anal canal
Alimentary canal
those which help in digestion but not part of the alimentary canal
Accessory organs
(oral or buccal/facial cheeks/trumpeter muscle) divisions
Mouth
space inside mouth cavity between cheeks and gums
Vestibule
space inside gums
Mouth cavity proper
– accessory organsi. Deciduous (baby or milk teeth) – 20ii. Permanent – 32
Teeth
– accessory organ; contain taste buds
Tongue
– accessory organs, 3 pairs; exocrine glandsmake saliva with ptyalin (digestive enzymes in saliva that helps break down starches)
Salivary glands
– largest Salivary glands; located at angle of mandible; mumps
Parotid (Salivary glands)
- beneath lower jaw; empty saliva at lower teeth
Sub mandibular (Salivary glands)
– Salivary glands under/beneath tongue
Sublingual (Salivary glands)
– throat; passageway used by both digestive and respiratory
Pharynx
trigger or initiate wavelike movement (peristalsis) of food in the digestive systemTell your body to move voice box so food goes down correct pipe
Swallowing:
between mouth cavity proper & esophaguspassageway for food from mouth to esophagus
Pharynx
- most superior segment of the throuat located above the roof of the mouth; routinely not used in digestive system
Nasopharynx
– located directly posterior to mouth cavity; 1st division of throat normally used in digestion system; part can see when say AHHHH!
Oropharynx
– mass of food that is chrewed and ready for swallowing
Bolus
– most inferior & last division of the throat name because of opening between it & voice box
Laryngophrynx NOTE: only oropharynx and larynx used in digestive system
– gulletbetween laryngopharynx and stomach
Esophagus
muscular tube (smooth/visceral muscle) which is passageway for food from the throat to the stomach; common site of herniation (body parts protrudes itself into/through body part its not found) where esophagus goes through opening of diaphragm
Esophagus
abdomen (epigastric) upper middle region of 9 region
Stomach
1st division where food passes
Cardia (cardiac portion)
upper dome shape of stomach
Fundus
largest part of stomach
Body
medial side of stomach
Lesser curvature
lateral side of stomach
Greater curvature
last division where food passes; pyloric sphincter (circular shape valve that relaxes to allow food to leave stomach
Pyloric
innermost layer of stomach; direct contact with food
Mucosa:
located under the mucosa
Submucosa:
visceral muscle layer of stomach
Muscularis:
outermost layer of stomach
Serosa:
i. Secrete gastric juice – HCI; highly acidicii. Helps breakdown & soften meatiii. Kills M.O.’s (majority of organism – in food that cause you to be sick)iv. Storage pouch for food
Stomach
named by size of opening (lumen); avg 2 ft;entirely with abdominal cavity, upper middle of 9 section region
Small Intestines
1st 12in section of small intestines; normally horse shoe shape
Duodenum:
2/5 length of small intestines
Jejunum:
last & longest division of small intestines; makes up approx. 12 ft
Ileum:
secrete intestinal juice; named after German discover
Brunner’s glands:
masses of lymphoid tissue used to detect/diagnose tuberculosis
Peyer’s patches:
i. Chief organ of digestionii. Chief organ of absorption (transfer of usable soluble substances into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body)
Small IntestinesNOTE: All usable material is removed in the small intestine
named size of opening (lumen) is larger than that of the small intestine
Large Intestines
1st division of large intestines, sac-like pouch
Cecum:
most of it attached to cecum; snake like; if inflamed emergency surgery considered
Vermiform appendix:
longest division of large intestine, often compared to incomplete picture frame
Colon:
2nd longest division of colon
Ascending colon:
from liver colon goes across stomach
Transverse colon:
from spleen colon goes down
Descending colon:
colon goes halfway across
Sigmoid colon:
last of GI Tract, large intestine, & alimentary canal
Anal canal:
i. Expel waste products from the digestive systemii. Maintain proper water balance, if not constipation or diarrhea
Colon
i. Produce bile (bitter tasting highly alkaline substance which helps to emulsify/breakdown fats)ii. Detoxification (removal of toxic/poisonous substances
Liver
a. Location: abdominal cavity; directly posterior to the liverb. Function: store and thicken bile
Gall Bladder
path for bile between liver, gall bladder and duodenum (small intestine)
Biliary Tract
i. Hepatic ducts: ii. Cystic duct: iii. Common bile duct: iv. Hepato-pancreatic duct:
Biliary Tract (Order Used)
1st passageway for bile; shift from liver
Hepatic ducts:
to & from gall bladder, bile passageway
Cystic duct:
1st passageway used after stored & thicken bile has been sent from gall bladder
Common bile duct:
last part of bilitary tract; also used by pancress to release useful substance; opens directly into duodenum
Hepato-pancreatic duct:
Located directly posterior to stomach
Pancreas
i. Endocrine portion: insulinii. Exocrine portion: produces pancreatic juice, which enter duodenum at same point as bile
Pancreas (a heterocrine gland)
Mouth: V PThroat:OLEStomach:C B PSmall Intestines:D J ILarge Intestine:A T D SRectumAnal canal
Alimentary Canal – Digestive System Path1. Mouth Vestibule2. Mouth Cavity Proper3. Oropharynx4. Laryngopharynx5. Esophagus6. Cardia (Cardia Portion)7. Body of Stomach8. Pyloric Sphincter9. Duodenum10. Jejunum11. Ileum12. Cecum13. Ascending colon14. Transverse colon15. Descending colon16. Sigmoid colon17. Rectum18. Anal canal
