Anatomy 1 Flashcards
What is the normal neck-shaft angle of the femur? Neck anteversion?
130 degrees
10 neck anteversion
Vascular supply to hip joint?
Medial and lateral femoral circumflex - branches of profunda femoris. Anastomose and pierce joint capsule at base of neck mostly posteriorly Small contribution from artery of ligamentum teres
Why is leg deformed in fracture neck of femur?
Shortened, abducted and externally rotated with inability to SLR
due to unopposed pull of muscles on lesser trochanter (iliopsoas sartorius etc causes shortening, gluteus maximus obturators and piriformis ie short muscles of gluteal region cause rotation)
What is the definition of a subtrochanteric neck of femur fracture?
Below but within 5cm of lesser trochanter
Label these?
1 - tibial nerve
2 - common peroneal nerve
3 - sural nerve
Label these parts of popliteal fossa?
1 - semitendinosus
2 - semimembranosus
3 - gracilis
4 - gastrocnemius
5 - biceps femoris
What is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa? What is next most superficial?
Polpiteal artery
Popliteal vein just superficial
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Lateral - biceps femoris above, lateral head of gastrocnemius and plantaris below
Medial - semitendinosus and semimembranosus above, medial head gastrocnemius below
Floor - popliteal surface of femur, popliteus and posterior ligament of knee joint
Roof - superficial and deep fascia
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery and vein
Small saphenous vein
Common peroneal nerve
Tibial nerve
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Genicular branch of obturator nerve
Lymph nodes
Lable this femur bony landmarks?
What are the major muscle attachments?
What is this and what is its functional purpose?
Patella - sesamoid bone contained within tendon of quadriceps that reduces work required to extend the knee joint
Label these?
A - vastus medialis
B - Sartorius
C - gracilis
D - gastrocnemius
E - semitendinosus
F - semimembranosus
G - rectus femoris
H - adductor magnus tendon
What is this, where is it and what attaches here?
Adductor tubercle on medial condyle of femur
Tendon of adductor magnus inserts here
Label these?
A - tibialis anterior
B - peroneus longus
C - long head biceps femoris
D - iliotibial band
E - vastus lateralis
What attaches to 1? Where does it go from and 2? What does it do?
ACL
From anterior tibia to lateral intercondylar notch of femur
Prevents tibia sliding anteriorly
What attaches to 2? Where does it go from and to? What is its role?
PCL
From posterior tibia to medial intercondylar notch of femur
Prevents tibia sliding posteriorly
What demarcates the femoral neck from the body and what does this continue as?
Intertrochanteric crest which continue inferomedially as a spiral line running below lesser trochanter
What does the intertrochanteric line attach to medially?
Inferior end of iliofemoral ligament
Where does the synovial membrane of the hip joint stop inferiorly?
Intertrochanteric ilne
What muscles attach to greater trochanter of femur?
Gluteal muscles
Vastus lateralis more distally
What line runs posteriorly down body of femur? What is its relevance?
Linea aspera
Upper-middle linea aspera forms part of origin of attachments of thigh adductors, then spreads out inferiorly to form bony floor of popliteal fossa
Where do vastus intermedius and medialis originate from with respect to each other on femur?
Intermedius anterosuperior
Medialis more medial
Besides the circumflex arteries, what else contributes arterial supply to femoral head?
Branches from inferior gluteal
What is this? What are its key features?
C1 atlas vertebra
Ring with anterior and posterior arches, with lateral bony masses
Transverse processes containing foramen transversarium which transmits the vertebral artery
What structure attaches to X? What is its role?
Transverse ligament - holds dens in place
What forms the anterior arch and lateral masses of C1 embryologically?
Ossification of vertebral arch
Label this? Where does 1 split into its 2 branches?
1 = brachiocephalic trunk - splits into RSCA and RCCA at level of right sternoclavicular joint
2 - left common carotid
3 - left subclavian artery
Which branch of the aortic arch do the phrenic and vagus nerves related closely to? Where do they run?
Left subclavian - phrenic continue across anterior surface of pericardium, vagus branches around inferor aspect of aorta and gives off left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Where in the mediastinum is the aortic arch? What level does it become descending aorta?
Superior mediastinum
Becomes descending at level of T4
3 things anterior to aortic arch?
Thymic remnants
Lungs
Pleura
Label these?
1 - right brachiocephalic vein
2 - left brachiocephalic vein
3 - SVC
What feature of the brachiocephalic veins makes it easy to appreciate JVP?
Don’t have valves
Where are the brachiocephalic veins in relation to the aortic arch?
Anterior