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MRCS Part B - Paul Edit > Ackland anatomy > Flashcards

Ackland anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 ligaments join the clavicle to the coracoid process?

A

Trapezoid ligament

Conoid ligament

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2
Q

What are the motions of the scapula?

A

Protraction and retraction
Elevation and depression
Upward and downward rotation

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3
Q

Where does the long head of triceps arise?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

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4
Q

Where does the long head of biceps arise?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

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5
Q

What are the tendons which run deep to everything else in shoulder and upper arm?

A

Long head of biceps, long head of triceps

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6
Q

Where does subscapularis insert?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

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7
Q

Where does teres major go and what does it do?

A

From lower lateral border of scapula to posterior lip of bicipital groove - adducts humerus

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8
Q

What does coracobrachialis go and what does it do?

A

Coracoid to humerus

Flexes shoulder

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9
Q

Where does serratus anterior arise and where does it insert?

A

From side/front of first 8 ribs to medial border of scapula
Protrudes scapula in unison
Or rotates up/downwards if top/bottom half go

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10
Q

Where does levator scapulae go from and to and what does it do?

A

Outer part of C1-3
Inserts on upper medial part of scapula
Elevates scapula

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11
Q

Where do the rhomboids minor and major go from and to and what do they do?

A

C4-T5 spinous processes
To medial border of scapula
Elevate and retract scapula

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12
Q

Where does upper part trapezius go from and to?

A

Occiput, nuchal ligament and T1-T3 spinous processes
To spine of scapula, acromion and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Elevates scapula

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13
Q

Where does lower part trapezius go from and to?

A

T4-T12 spinous processes

To lower spine of scapula

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14
Q

What does trapezius do?

A 
Retracts scapula  (all)
Elevates (upper part)
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15
Q

Where does pec minor go from and to? What does it do?

A

2-4th rib to coracoid process

Depresses scapula

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16
Q

Where does the omohyoid go from and to? What does it do?

A

Hyoid bone to spine of scapula

Depresses hyoid bone and larynx

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17
Q

Which 2 large muscles insert on the anterior and posterior lip of the bicipital groove of humeurs?

A 
Anterior = pec major
Posterior = latissimus dorsi
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18
Q

Structures running between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

A

Barachial plexus nerve roots

Subclavian artery

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19
Q

Which vein runs in the groove between deltoid and pec major? Where does it go?

A

Cephalic vein - runs under pec major

Joins subclavian vein (which runs under pec minor

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20
Q

What forms the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Subclavian vein and IJV

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21
Q

What forms the SVC?

A

Joining of the 2 brachiocephalic veins

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22
Q

Subclavian vein runs under which muscle? Where does it then go between as it goes medially?

A

Pec minor

Then runs over first rib and subclavius, below clavicle,

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23
Q

What are the landmarks for subclavian/axillary/brachial artery?

A

Up until clavicle
From exiting clavicle to going under pec minor
From exiting pec minor

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24
Q

5 bracnches of subclavian artery before it becomes axillary?

A 
Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular
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25
Q

Where do the medial and lateral pectoral nerves come from?

A

Medial and lateral cords respectively of BP

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26
Q

2 nerves arising directly from the lateral cord of bracial pleuxs?

A

Lateral pectoral

Musculocutaneous nerve

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27
Q

2 nerves arising from posterior cord of brcahial pleuxs?

A

Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Upper and lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal nerve

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28
Q

Lateral cord of BP comes from what?

A

Anterior divisions of the upper 2 trunks

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29
Q

What does the lateral cord of the brachial plexus divide into?

A

Musculocutaneous and half of median

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30
Q

What oes the medial cord of the brachial plexus divide into?

A

Ulnar nerve and half of median

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31
Q

Medial cord of BP comes from what?

A

Anterior division of inferior trunk

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32
Q

Posterior cord of BP comes from what?

A

Posterior divisions of sup, middle and inferior trunks

33
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates what?

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps
Brachialis

34
Q

What do the cords surround in the BP?

A

Axillary artery

35
Q

Where do the upper and lower subscapular nerves come from and what to they innervate?

A

Posterior cord of BP

Inervate subscapularis and teres major

36
Q

Where does the thoracodorsal nerve and what does it innervate?

A

Posterior cord of BP

Lat dorsi

37
Q

Which nerve arises from the superior trunk of the BP? Muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve - supra and infraspinatus

38
Q

Which nerve of BP arises directly from C5 root? Muscle?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid muscles

39
Q

Which nerve arises from C5-7 roots and where does it go?

A

Long thoracic
Comes through middle scalene, runs deep to the trunks and
Innervates serratus anterior

40
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae?

A

C3-5 roots

41
Q

What are the 2 parts of the articular surface of the humerus?

A

Trochlea - ulna

Capitulum - radius

42
Q

Which bone has the olecranon process on it?

A

Ulna

43
Q

Specifically which part of the ulna articulates with the humerus?

A

Trochlear notch

44
Q

Which part of the ulna articulates with the radius proximally?

A

Coranoid process

45
Q

Where does the brachialis tendon insert?

A

Ulnar tuberosity, just distal to the coronoid process

46
Q

Where does the biceps tendon insert?

A

Radial tuberosity

47
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the lateral elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral and anular ligaments

48
Q

What is the only movement the radial head can do?

A

Rotate

49
Q

Which muscle arises from the radial collateral ligament?

A

Supinator

50
Q

Which ligament sits medially in the elbow joint?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

51
Q

What structure holds the distal radioulnar joint together?

A

Triangluar fibrocartilage

52
Q

What joints comprise the wrist joint?

A

Radiocarpal joint

Midcarpal joint

53
Q

What are the 2 collateral ligaments of the wrist?

A

Radio and ulnar collateral ligaments

54
Q

What are the dorsal and palmar ligaments of the wrist called?

A

Dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments

55
Q

What is the deepest flexor of the arm?

A

Brachialis

56
Q

Tendon of short head of biceps mixes with which?

A

Coracobrachialis

57
Q

What are the 3 heads of triceps?

A

Long, medial and lateral

58
Q

Radial nerve runs between which heads?

A

Medial and lateral heads of triceps

59
Q

Which small elbow extensor runs from lateral epicondyle to lateral aspect of proximal ulna?

A

Anconeus

60
Q

Median nerve runs between which heads?

A

2 heads of pronator teres - superficial and deep

61
Q

Where is pronator quadratus?

A

Distal radius/ulna

62
Q

What are the 2 pronating muscles?

A

Pronator teres and quadratus

63
Q

Deep branch of radial nerves runs through which muscle?

A

Supinator

64
Q

Which 2 proximal forearm muscles oppose eachother in terms of supination/pronation

A

Supinator and pronator teres

65
Q

3 main wrist flexors?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis - from common flexor tendon on medial epicondle
Also palmaris longus

66
Q

Ulnar nerve passes between which heads?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris at forearm

67
Q

Where does palmaris longus insert?

A

Palmar aponeurosis

68
Q

3 Main extensors of wrist?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

69
Q

What is the medial vein of the forearm?

A

Basilic vein

70
Q

Which vein crosses from cephalic to basilic vein?

A

Antecubital vein

71
Q

Which vein does the basilic vein join? What is the course of this?

A

Joins the 2 brachial veins, which unite and then become the axillary vein

72
Q

Which artery runs with the radial nerve in the arm?

A

Profunda brachii

73
Q

What is the relationship between the median nerve and brachial artery down the forearm?

A

Nerve medial to artery at elbow

Lateral to artery at wrist

74
Q

Which heads of triceps does the radial nerve run between?

A

Long and medial proximally

Then lateral and medial

75
Q

What are the 2 branches of the radial nerve?

A

Deep - motor

Superficial - sensory

76
Q

Supinator is innervated by what?

A

Radial nerve

77
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate in the arm?

A 
Triceps
anconeus
supinator
brachioradialis
all 3 wrist extensors - carpi radialis longs brevis and ulnaris
78
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate
Tubercle of scaphoid and crest of trapeizium
Carpal bones
Flexor retinaculum

79
Q

Which ligament is continous with the palmar plate and keeps the metacarpals from fanning proximally?

A

Deep transverse metacarpal ligament

MRCS Part B - Paul Edit (29 decks)

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