Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > anatomical terms: Mediastinum and the heart > Flashcards

anatomical terms: Mediastinum and the heart Flashcards

1
Q

Thymus location and function

A

n the chest, between the lungs and behind the breastbone or sternum, and producing and maturing lymphocytes, or immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ascending aorta

A

the first section of your aorta, the largest blood vessel in your body. It’s attached to your heart and plays an essential role in helping your heart deliver oxygen-rich blood to your entire bod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aortic arch

A

the section of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. from right to left: right brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid a., left subclavian artery. As it arises from the ascending aorta, the arch runs slightly backward and to the left of the trachea. The distal segment of the aortic arch then traverses downwards at the fourth thoracic vertebra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

carina

A

C-shaped ridge of cartilage located at the bifurcation of the left and right bronchi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

This artery directly connects with your heart at your pulmonary valve. This is the “door” that controls blood flow out of your lower right heart chamber (right ventricle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

it’s the tough, outermost layer of your pericardium. It’s made of connective tissue that prevents your heart from expanding too much. It attaches to your great vessels (at the top of your heart) and to the central tendon of your diaphragm (at the bottom of your heart).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

the outer layer of the serous pericardium. The parietal pericardium lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Visceral peridcardium

A

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium: This is the innermost layer of your pericardium. It directly covers your heart and the roots of your great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pericardial cavity

A

the space between the parietal and the visceral layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myocardium

A

cardiac muscle, the middle part of the heart that pumps blood to tissues of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endocardium

A

the thin, smooth membrane which lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gap junction

A

synchronize the contraction of cardiac muscles; allow direct communication between cells. In the heart, GJs mediate the electrical coupling of cardiomyocytes and as such dictate the speed and direction of cardiac conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atrium

A

two upper chambers of the heart. Each is roughly cube-shaped except for an ear-shaped projection called an auricle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ventricle

A

there are 2 thick-walled chambers that forcefully pump blood out of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transverse pericaridal sinus

A

separates arteries from veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

oblique pericardial sinus

A

this sinus is from the apex to the posterior left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

auricle

A

broad, triangular muscular pouch that is visible on the exterior of the heart and overlaps the ascending aorta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Crista terminalis

A

smooth connection of the 2 vena cavae, superior end (SA node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

remnant of foramen ovale; a depressed structure, of varying shapes, located in the inferior aspect of the right interatrial septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

coronary sinus

A

major venous tributary of the greater cardiac venous system; it is responsible for draining most of the deoxygenated blood leaving the myocardium. On the posterior side, running laterally oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

tricuspid valve

A

three thin but strong flaps of tissue; separates the right atrium from the right ventricle and allows deoxygenated blood to flow between them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

trabeculae carneae

A

They are irregular muscle columns lined on the inner surface of the right and left ventricle. their contraction pulls on the chordae tendineae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves towards the atrial chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

papillary muscle

A

pillar-like muscles seen within the cavity of the ventricles, attached to their walls; prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chordae tendineae

A

inelastic cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.

25
Q

pulmonary valve

A

manages blood flow from your heart’s right ventricle to your pulmonary trunk. Its main function is to help oxygen-poor blood reach your lungs, where it gains oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. Your pulmonary valve has three leaflets that open and close to start and stop blood flow toward your lungs with each heartbeat.

26
Q

septomarginal trabeculae

A

a band of cardiac muscle found in the right ventricle of the heart

27
Q

Moderate band

A

carries part of the right bundle branch of the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart to the anterior papillary muscle

28
Q

pectinate muscle

A

Part of the auricle and they run anterolaterally; their function is to increase surface area thus increasing atrial volume

29
Q

bicuspid/mitral valve

A

two leaflets, one anterior (aortic) and one posterior (mural), both of which attach to a strong fibrocollagenous anulus. prevents retrograde bloodflow into the left atrium using the anulus

30
Q

aortic valve

A

permits unidirectional flow of oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and prevents retrograde flow

31
Q

coronary artery

A

run along the coronary sulcus of the myocardium of the heart. Their main function is to supply blood to the heart

32
Q

nodal branch

A

one of right branch which supplies blood to the sinoatrial node (SA)

33
Q

left anterior descending artery

A

the largest coronary artery runs anterior to the interventricular septum in the anterior interventricular groove, extending from the base of the heart to the apex. Coming from the left coronary artery.

34
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

the system of transportation that shunts de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be re-saturated with oxygen before being dispersed into the systemic circulation.

35
Q

systemic circulation

A

provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products

36
Q

diastole

A

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.

37
Q

systole

A

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.

38
Q

conducting system

A

A network of specialized muscle cells is found in the heart’s walls. These muscle cells send signals to the rest of the heart muscle causing a contraction

39
Q

sinoatrial node

A

generates an electrical signal that causes the upper heart chambers (atria) to contract; at the junction of the crista terminalis in the upper wall of the right atrium and the opening of the superior vena cava.

40
Q

atriventricular node

A

the “gatekeeper” between the atria and the ventricles and is located at the AV junction on the right side of the heart (Figure 1A). The primary role of the node is to conduct the action potential from the atria to the ventricles

41
Q

Bundle of His

A

an elongated segment connecting the AV Node and the left and right bundle branches of the septal crest. It will pace the heart contractions for the AV nod and the ventricles

42
Q

Bundle branches

A

the electrical system controls the heartbeat and is made up of several parts that tell the ventricular muscle when to contract

43
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

branches of specialized nerve cells (pacemaker fibers). They send electrical signals very quickly to your right and left heart ventricles

44
Q

Vagus nerve relating to the heart

A

the parasympathetic component of extrinsic innervation of the heart that decreases heart rate.

45
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal n.

A

inferior to the aortic arch and posterior to ligamentum arteriosum and it runs up to larynx, damage to this results in raspiness in voice

46
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Formerly the ductus arteriosus but now serves to connect the aorta to the pulmonary artery, and important landmark for the left vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve

47
Q

Umbilical vein

A

As a fetus, it has high oxygen from the placenta, and it filters through the liver (nutrient storage, detoxication).

48
Q

Ductus venosus

A

shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and is essential for normal fetal circulation

49
Q

Foramen ovale

A

an opening between the left and right atrium that allowed oxygenated blood from inferior vena cava to go directly to the left atrium.

50
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

a short vessel that connects the fetal pulmonary artery to the aorta and involutes it following birth. During development, the ductus arteriosus allows oxygenated blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation and provides nutritional and oxygen-rich blood directly into the systemic circulation.

51
Q

Descending aorta

A

begins after the origin of the left subclavian artery from the aortic arch and continues down through the chest to the diaphragm.

52
Q

umbilical artery

A

carry deoxygenated blood from fetal circulation to the placenta

53
Q

ligamentum teres

A

the fibrous cord formed by the obliterated fetal umbilical vein that runs in the free edge of the falciform ligament from the umbilicus into the left lobe of the liver.

54
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve importance to heart

A

The greater splanchnic nerves receive branches from the T5 to T9 thoracic sympathetic ganglia. These nerves traverse the diaphragm and terminate in the superior preaortic ganglia, commonly called the “celiac ganglia.” The postsynaptic fibers then supply the foregut organs as the celiac plexus

55
Q

Lesser Splanchnic n. importance to the heart

A
56
Q

Least splanchnic nerve

A
57
Q

Lumbar splanchnic n. importance to the heart

A
58
Q

Thoracic duct

A

the largest lymphatic channel; found between azygos vein and esophagus; drains 75% of the body lymph fluid.

59
Q

Esophagus

A

Goes from neck down to abdominal cavity: somatic (1/3, cervical) to visceral organ (2/3). Goes from posterior thoracic wall in the superior mediastinum to shifting anteriorly to the aorta in the inferior mediastinum; behind the left atrium at esophageal hiatus: T10 level

Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions