Anatomical Positions Flashcards
Anatomic Position
An erect or standing posture in which the arms are at the sides, and everything is pointing forward (palms, head, feet). The feet are slightly apart.
Supine
Body is laying facing upwards
Prone
Body is laying downwards
Superior
“upper” or “towards the head”
Inferior
“lower” or “towards the feet”
Anterior or Ventral
Front, in front of
Posterior or Dorsal
Back, in back of
Medial
Towards the middle of the body
Lateral
Away from the middle of the body
Proximal
Towards the point of origin
Distal
Away from the point of origin
Superficial
Near the surface
Deep
Away from the surface
Saggital Plane
Lengthwise cutting of the body
Frontal Plane
Side-to-side cutting of the body, lengthwise to separate the front and the back
Transverse
A horizontal plane that cuts the body into upper and lower portions.
Right hypochondriac region
Upper left
Epigastric region
Upper middle
Left hypochondriac region
Upper right
Right lumbar region
Middle left
Umbilical region
Middle
Left Lumbar Region
Middle right
Right iliac (inguinal) region
Lower left
Hypogastric Region
Bottom middle
Left iliac region
Bottom right
Cranial Cavity
Space inside the skull that contains the brain
Spinal Cavity
The space inside the spinal column that contains the spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity Parts
Mediastinum, Pleural Cavities
What does the mediastinum contain?
Heart, trachea, esophagus, thymus, blood vessels
What do the plural cavities contain?
The lungs
Abdominopelvic Parts
Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity
What does the abdominal cavity contain?
Liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, parts of the large intestine
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
Lower (sigmoid) colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs
Ventral body cavities
Thoracic cavity (the mediastinum and pleural cavities), and the abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity)
Dorsal Body Cavities
Cranial cavity and spinal cavity
What does the cranial cavity contain?
The brain
What does the spinal cavity contain?
The spinal cord
The axial portion has…
The head, neck, and torso
The appendicular portion has…
Upper and lower extremities (ie. arms and legs)
Abdominal
Anterior torso below the diaphragm
Antebrachial
Forearm
Antecubital
Depressed area just in front of elbow
Axillary
Armpit
Brachial
Arm
Buccal
Cheek
Carpal
Wrist
Cephalic
Head
Cervical
Neck
Cranial
Skull
Crural
Leg
Cubital
Elbow
Cutaneous
Skin or body surface
Digital
Fingers or toes
Facial
Face
Frontal
Forehead
Nasal
Nose
Oral
Mouth
Orbital or Ophthalmic
Eyes
Zygomatic
Upper cheek
Femoral
Thigh
Gluteal
Buttock
Inguinal
Groin
Lumbar
Lower back between ribs and pelvis
Mammary
Breast
Occipital
Back of lower skull
Olecranal
Back of elbow
Palmar, Volar
Palm of hand
Pedal
Foot
Pelvic
Lower portion of torso
Perineal
Area between anus and genitals
Plantar
Sole of foot
Popliteal
Area behind knee
Supraclavicular
Area above clavicle
Tarsal
Ankle
Temporal
Side of skull
Thoratic
Chest
Umbilical
Area around naval or umbilicus
Volar
Palm or Sole
Flank
Lateral region
Define atrophy
Degenerative process of the body
Define homeostasis
The self-regulating process by which organisms maintain stability while adjusting to outer conditions
Feedback loop
When an input produces an output, then that output becomes and input.
Sensor
A part that detects the environment
Control Center
Part that responds to the environment and makes changes
Effector
Part that makes the change itself
Negative Feedback Loop
When too much product is made the feedback loop slows down. When there is not enough product it speeds up. (a fluctuation in the amount of inputs)
Positive Feedback Loop
When the output initiates a response for more input or an increase in the reaction.
