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Anatomical Landmarks Flashcards

1
Q

why is identification of anatomical landmarks necessary

A

aid in radiographic mounting
help interpret radiographs

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2
Q

radiographs 2D representation of a 3D object

A

shows no depth
superimposition
like a photograph

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3
Q

nasal cavity

A

appears radiolucent over max incisors

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4
Q

nasal septum

A

appears as radiopaque partition that divides nasal cavity

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5
Q

anterior nasal spine

A

v-shaped radiopaque projection

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6
Q

inferior orbital foramen

A

radiolucent
located 1 cm inferior to the infraorbital margin

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7
Q

zygomatic arch x-ray

A

radiopaque

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8
Q

TMJ Fossa/Glenoid Fossa x-ray

A

radiolucent
the socket

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9
Q

articular eminence

A

radiopaque
hump in the bone in front of where the condyle process sits

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10
Q

external auditory meatus

A

radiolucent
the ear hole

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11
Q

bony landmarks of the maxilla

A

paired maxillae meet at the midline of the face and form the floor of the orbit of the eye, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, hard palate

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12
Q

incisive foramen

A

an opening or hole in bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors
a small oval or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
the nasopalatine nerve exits the maxilla through here
frequently the potential site of cyst formation

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13
Q

superior foramina of the incisive canal

A

two tiny openings or holes in bone of the nasal cavity that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity
join to form the incisive canal
two small round radiolucency located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors

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14
Q

median palatal suture

A

immovable joint between the two palatine process of the maxilla
thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors
extends from alveolar bone between max central incisors to post hard palate

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15
Q

lateral fossa

A

also known as canine fossa
smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral incisors
a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors
appearance varies depending on anatomy

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16
Q

radiographic features of nose

A

soft tissue in projections of the maxillary central and lateral incisors
image appears uniformly radiopaque with a sharp border

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17
Q

floor of the nasal cavity

A

a bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bone
dense cortical bone and defining the inferior border of the nasal cavity
a dense radiopaque band above max incisors

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18
Q

nasal cavity

A

a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla
inferior portion is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bones
lateral walls formed by ethmoid bone and max
divided by nasal septum
a large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors

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19
Q

nasal septum

A

a vertical bony wall that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae
formed by the vomer and a portion of the ethmoid bone and cartilage
a vertical radiopaque partition

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20
Q

anterior nasal spine

A

a sharp projection located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
a V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum

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21
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
a diffuse radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity
shell-shaped

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22
Q

maxillary incisor features

A

incisive foramen
outline of nose
lateral fossa
nasal fossa
nasal septum
border of the nasal fossa
anterior nasal spine
median palatine suture

23
Q

inverted Y

A

intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity
radiopaque upside-down Y formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus
located above the maxillary canine
cortical bone

24
Q

maxillary canine anatomical features

A

lateral fossa
nasal fossa
inverted Y landmark
maxillary sinus
superimposition of the mesial surface of the first premolar and the distal of the canine

25
maxillary sinus
air containing cavity lined by mucous membrane paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla located above the maxillary premolar and molar teeth
26
radiographic features of maxillary sinus
a radiolucent area located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars floor of the sinus is composed of dense cortical bone appears as a radiopaque line
27
septa within the maxillary sinus
bony walls or partitions that divide the maxillary sinus into compartments radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus presence and number vary depending on the anatomy of the individual
28
nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus
tiny, tube-like passageways through bone that contain blood vessels and nerves a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two thin radiopaque lines supply the max teeth and interdental areas
29
maxillary tuberosity
a rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region blood vessels and nerves supply the post teeth
30
hamulus
a small hook-like projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone a radiopaque hook-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area
31
zygomatic process of the maxila
a bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or malar (cheek) bone a J or U shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region dense cortical bone
32
zygoma
articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla dense cortical bone
33
maxillary premolar anatomical features
border of maxillary sinus maxillary sinus zygomatic process of the maxilla septum in maxillary sinus zygoma zygomatic arch
34
maxillary molar image 1
border of maxillary sinus maxillary sinus zygomatic process of the maxillary septum in maxillary sinus zygoma border of zygomatic arch
35
maxillary molar image 2
maxillary sinus maxillary tuberosity coronoid process of the mandible lateral pterygoid plate hamulus landmarks are superimposed over each other
36
maxillary molar image 3
border of maxillary sinus maxillary sinus zygomatic process of the maxilla zygoma lateral pterygoid plate border of zygomatic arch maxillary tuberosity coronoid process of the mandible
37
bony landmarks of the mandible sections
ramus body angle alveolar process sigmoid or coronoid notch condyle articulates with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone mental foramen is a radiolucent opening for blood and nerves external oblique ridge is a radiopaque band extending downward from ramus lower border of the mandible
38
bony landmarks of the mandible
genial tubercles, lingual foramen, nutrient canals, mental ridge, mental fossa, mental foramen, mylohyoid ridge, mandibular canal, internal oblique ridge, external oblique ridge, submandibular fossa, coronoid process
39
genial tubercles
tiny bumps of bone on the lingual aspect of the mandible attachment sites for genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular central incisors
40
lingual foramen
a tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible near the midline surrounded by genial tubercles a small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular central incisors
41
nutrient canals
tube-like passageways through bone containing nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth most often seen in anterior mandible vertical radiolucent lines readily seen in areas of thin bone
42
mental ridge
a linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible a thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region and slopes slightly upward often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth
43
mental fossa
a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible a radiolucent area above the mental ridge in mandibular incisor region
44
mandibular incisor image features
mental ridge nutrient canal nutrient foramen genial tubercles surrounding lingual foramen inferior border of the mandible
45
mental foramen
an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion
46
mandibular premolar image features
torus oblique ridge mylohyoid ridge submandibular fossa mandibular canal mental foramen
47
mandibular canal/inferior alveolar nerve canal
a tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels a radiolucent band outline by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen
48
external oblique ridge
a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible runs parallel with the mylohyoid ridge a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible typically ends in mand third molar region
49
mylohyoid ridge and internal oblique ridge
located interior surface of the mandible stops at the 3rd molar or continue as mylohyoid ridge internal oblique ridge appears as the inferior radiopaque band extending down the ramus superior radiopaque band is the external oblique ridge
50
anterior border of the ramus
extends vertically downward from the coronoid process to the external oblique ridge radiopaque vertical band posterior to the maxillary and mandibular molars
51
submandibular fossa
a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge submandibular salivary gland
52
coronoid process
a marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region not seen in a mandibular image only max molar view attachment site for muscle of mastication
53
mandibular molar image features
oblique ridges mylohyoid ridge mandibular canal mandibular fossa
54
mandible tori
appear as radiopaque bony areas

Radiology (16 decks)

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