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Neuro Exam I > Anatomical Basis of Stroke > Flashcards

Anatomical Basis of Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

what gives rise to the basilar artery?

where?

A
  • the two vertebral arteries
  • converge near inferior ponrtine sulcus to form basilar artery
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2
Q

how does the basilar artery travel?

what does it give rise to? where?

A
  • travels superiorly along the ventral midline of the pons
  • once past the superior pontine sulcus & just within interpeduncular fossa, it bifurcates caudal to the mamillary bodies to give rise to:
    1. superior cerebellar arteries (poterior / inferior)
    2. posterior cerebral arteries (anterior / superior)
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3
Q

how does the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries travel?

what vasculature do they interact with?

A
  • travel along the inferior pontine sulcus (border between pons & medulla)
  • feed into the basilar artery right as it forms
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4
Q

how do the branches of the basilar artery travel?

A

superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral

  • within the caudal-most part of the interpeduncular fossa (caudal to the mamillary bodies), both bilateral arteries extend away from the midline,
    • traveling: behind the cerebral peduncles, which are:
      • are lateral to mamillary bodies
      • the superficial / ventral - most portion of tegmentum (midbrain)
    • separated by: the oculomotor nerve
    • giving off: the ​posterior communicating artery (posterior cerebral)
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5
Q

the posterior communicating artery

  • interacts with what arteries?
  • travels how?
A
  • arises from: the posterior cerebral artery (off basilar)
  • travels: anteriorly within the interpeduncular fossa:
    • along lateral margin of fossa, immediately lateral to mammillary bodies
  • anastomoses with: the internal carotid artery
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6
Q

the internal carotid artery

  • travels how?
  • interacts with what arteries?
A
  • aries from: the carotid canal
  • travels: intracranially (superiorly) within the interpeduncular fossa,
    • just caudal to the optic chiasm
  • anastomoses with / gives off:
    • posterior communicating arteries
    • middle cerebral arteries
    • anterior cerebral arteries
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7
Q

what arteries come off of / anastamose with the internal carotid?

how do they travel?

A
  • posterior communicating (caudal connection): continues cadually along lateral interpeduncular fossa
  • middle cerebral (lateral connection): continues superiorlaterally along cortex surface
  • anterior cerebral (rostral connection): continues rostrally, connected byb anterior communicating artery
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8
Q

the anterior communicating artery

  • interacts with what arteries?
  • where?
A
  • joins the anterior cerebral arteries (off internal carotid) at the midline
  • near the caudal end of the olfactory tract
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9
Q

label

A
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10
Q

what comprises the circle of willis?

A
  • caudally: posterior cerebral arteries
  • laterally: caudal -> rostral
    • posterior communicating arteries
    • internal carotid arteries
    • anterior cerebral arteries
  • rostrally: anterior communicating arteries
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11
Q

the main supplhy to the circle of willis is from?

A
  • the internal carotid (mostly)
  • the vertebral arteries: via basilar -> posterior cerebral -> posterior communicating
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12
Q

what landmark does the oculomotor serve in with respect to the region of the circle of willis?

A

is in between the superior cerebellar arteries and posterior cereberal arteries (two bilateral branches of the basilar artery)

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13
Q

label

A
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14
Q

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15
Q

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16
Q

the anterior cerebral artery

  • interacts with what vessels?
  • travels how?
A
  • comes off: internal carotid artery
  • travels:
    • comes off rostral end of internal carotid (positioned dorsal to optic chiasm
    • passes over superior surface of optic nerve
    • travels rostrally within the longitudinal fissure
    • then, arcs caudally to continue within the midline of the frontal + parietal lobes along corpus collosum (within cingulate gyrus)
    • stops at parieto-occipital fissure
  • gives off:
    • perforating branches - enter corpus collosum
    • other branches - that extend superficially
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17
Q

the anterior cerebral artery travels in what gyrus?

A

the cingulate gyrus (i.e., along superior surface of corpus collosum)

18
Q

the anterior cerebral arteries perfuses what regions of the brain?

A
  • frontal & parietal lobes:
    • ENTIRE MEDIAL SURFACE
    • superolateral surface (i.e., superior most bits of lateral surfaces)
  • corpus collosum - except for the caudal-most end (splenium)
19
Q

the corpus collosum is perfused by

  • what portions of the anterior cerebral artery?
  • in what regions?
A
  • the perforating branches
  • every except for the splenium (caudal end)
20
Q

label

21
Q

what is the collosal sulcus?

what are its anatomic relations?

A
  • sulcus above the corpus collosum
  • forms the:
    • superior border of corpus collosum (except at splenium)
    • inferior border of cingulate gyrus
22
Q

what is the cingulate sulcus?

what are its anatomic relations?

A
  • sulcus above the cingulate gyrus
  • forms:
    • the superior border of the cingulate gyrus
    • marginal sulcus (at its caudal end):
      • a sulcus that extends to the superolateral surface of the brain
23
Q

the cingulate gyrus is in between what two sulci?

A
  • the cingulate gyrus (superior border)
  • the collosal gyrus (inferior border)
24
Q

what it the paracentral gyrus?

what are its anatomical relations?

A
  • a U-shaped gyrus made of the medial extensions of the precental & postcentral gyrus
    • rostral limb of paracentral gyrus = precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)
    • caudal limb of paracentral gyrus = postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex)
  • anatomic relations:
    • just deep to central sulcus, which rests in divit bewteen superior tips of each limb\
    • just caudal to the superior frontal gyrus
    • just rostral to the marginal suclus
25
what is the superior frontal gyrus? what are its anatomic relations?
* frontal lobe gyri whose _caudal most portion_ makes up part of the **accessory motor cortex** * anatomic relations: * ​rostral: to primary motor cortices: * **precentral gyrus** * **anterior limb of paracentral gyrus** * _medial to:_ the other frontal lobe gyri (middle, inferior) * _superior to_: cingulate cyrus
26
what is the marginal sulcus? what are its anatomical relations?
* a parietl lobe sulcus that extends superolaterally off the _caudal end_ of the **cingulate gyrus** * forms the: * caudal border of the paracentral gyri * rostral border of the precuneus
27
what is the precuneus? what are its anatomical relations?
* a large medial surface of the _parietal lobe_ * anatomic relations: * caudal to: marginal sulcus * rostral to: parieto-occipital sulcus * superior to: cingulate gyrus
28
what is the calcarine sulcus? what are its anatomical relations?
* an _occipital lobe sulcus:_ runs roughly horizontal sulcus along medial face * anatomic relations: divides medial surfaces of occipital lobe by fomring the * inferior (ventral) border of cuneus * superior (dorsal border) of the lingual gyrus
29
what is the cuneus? what are its anatomic relations?
* a medial surface of the _occipital lobe_ * anatomic relations: * caudal to parieto-occipital sulcus * superior (dorsal) to calcarine sulcus
30
what is the lingual gyrus? what are its anatomic relations?
* a medial surface of the _occipital lobe_ * inferior (ventral) to the calcarine sulcus
31
CVAs of the _anterior cerebral artery_ can lead to what major defects? indicate that region affected in each defect.
* paralysis / sensory disruption of foot & leg: paracentral gyrus (frontal & parietal lobe) * urinary incontinence: paracentral gyrus (frontal & parietal lobe) * gait apraxia: superior frontal gyrus (frontal lobe) * transcortical motor aphasia: antero-superior frontal lobe * cognitive impairment: frontal lobe * ideomotor apraxia: corpus collosum
32
anterior cerebral CVAs can lead to _what defects_ via damage to the **paracentral gyrus**? explain.
1. **paralysis + sensory disruption of foot & leg:** * d/t damage of _medial portion_ of somatropic maps: * **paralysis (motor):** d/t damage of _rostral limb_ (medial ext of precentral gyrus) * **sensory (somatosensory):** d/t damage of _caudal limb_ (medial ext of postcentral gyrus) 2. **urinary incontenice: micturition \> defecation**
33
anterior CVAs can lead to _gait apraxia_ via damage to what region? explain
**superior frontal gyrus:** (frontal lobe immediately rostral to precentral gyrus & rostral limb of paracentral gyrus)
34
anterior CVAs can lead to _transcortical motor aphasa_ via damage to what region? explain.
* transcortical motor aphase = difficultly with spontaneous vocalization * **anterior superior** portion of the frontal lobe
35
anterior CVAs can lead to _ideomotor apraxia_ via damage to what region? explain.
* ideomotor appraxia = inability to perform simple hand gestures (learned motor skills) * damage to **body of corpus collosum**
36
what is the splenium? what is it distinct anatomically?
* caudal-most portion of corpus collosum * the only part of the corpus collosum that is not: * bordered inferiorly by the collosal sulcus * perfused by the anterior cerebral artery
37
the posterior cerebral artery * travels how? * interacts with what other vasculature?
* comes off: **basilar artery** (second bilateral split) * travel: * exits _interpeduncular fossa_ (caudal to mamillary bodies) laterally * curves caudolaterally, curling behind the _cerebral peduncles_ * then travels along the: * _inferiormedial surface_ of the _temporal lobe_ * _inferiormedial surface_ of the _occipital lobe_ * gives off: * **thalamic branches -** enters brainstem * **other branches -** extend along inf surface of temporal lobe
38
the _posterior cerebral artery_ perfuses what regions of the brain?
* temporal lobe: **_entire inferior surface_ EXCEPT the rostral tip** * occipital lobe: **_entire medial surface_ + part of occipital pole**
39
thalamic arteries * branch off of? * perfuse what?
* **posterior cerebral artery** as curves it caudolaterally around cerebellar peduncle * peruses: * caudal thalamus * ventral midbrain: * crus cerebri * substantia nigra
40
what is the olfactory sulcus? what are its anatomic relations?
* **frontal lobe sulcus containing the olfactory tract** * relations: * lateral to: the gyrus rectus * medial to: the orbital gyri
41
what is the gyrus rectus? what are its anatomic relations?
* frontal lobe gyri * anatomic relations: * lateral to: longitudinal fissure * medial to: olfactory sulcus
42
what is the orbital gyri? what are its anatomic relations?

Neuro Exam I (15 decks)

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