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Neuro Exam I > Anatomic Landmarks > Flashcards

Anatomic Landmarks Flashcards

1
Q

what is the massa intermedia?

A
  • aka thalamic adhesion
  • is the bridging of each thalamus through the 3rd, which creates the hole in the the 3rd ventricle
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2
Q

label, note important features

A

only portion of corona radiata seen right now are association fibers (which interconnect ipsilateral gyri) there are no internal capsule or lateral ventricles seen, indicating this cut is very rostral (pre-frontal cortex)

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3
Q

lable, note important features

A
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4
Q

how can the lateral ventricles localize relative position in the brain?

A
  • anterior horn - in frontal & parietal lobes
  • posterior horn - in occipital lobe
  • inferior horn - in temporal lobe
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5
Q

label, note important features

A
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6
Q

label, note important features

A

uncus is seen on the ventral (inferior) surface of cerebram, pointing towards the mamillary bodies or optic chiasm. following the uncus, the change in the basic organization of cortex indicates the hippocampus

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7
Q

label, note important features

A
  • thalamus often in the same coronal cut as the tegmentum (and tentum), and is superior to both.
    • tegmentum (midbrain), from deep -> superficial: red nucleus, substantia nigra, crus cerebri
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8
Q

label, note important features

A
  • LV = lateral ventricles
  • CN = caudate nucleus
  • BG = basal ganglia
  • T = thalamus: in between 3rd ventrical and IC
  • Tegmentum: ventral midbrain that is in line with (inferior to) the thalamus:
    • from deep/superior/posterior to superficial/inferior/anterior:
      • red nuclei
      • substantia nigri
      • crus cerebri (cerebral peduncle)
  • BP = basis pontis
  • H = hippocampus (“geographically distinct”)
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9
Q

label, note important features

A
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10
Q

what structures form the walls of the 4th ventricle?

A
  • lateral borders: cerebellar peduncles
  • ventral border: brainstem (largely pons)
  • dorsal border: cerebellum
  • caudal (inferior) borders: medulla oblongota posterior ridges - gracile & cuneate tubercles
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11
Q

label & note important features

A

caudal coronal cut

  • four leave clover = orpora quadregemina (tectum)
  • note how the cerebellar peduncles are
    • forming the lateral walls of the 4th ventricle
    • extending from arbor vitae and connect to:
      • superior - red nucleus (tegmentum)
      • middle - basis pontis
      • inferior - medulla oblongota
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12
Q

what are the cerebral peduncles?

what forms them?

what are their key anatomic associations?

A
  • cerebral peduncles are the external extension of the internal capsule.
  • they form part of the tegmentum, and are made up of the
    • substantia nigra (deep)
    • crus cerebri (superficial)
      • note: crus cerebri are immediatley lateral to mammary bodies in transverse cut
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13
Q

which cerebellar peundcle connects to the midbrain?

A

superior cerebellar peduncle - connects to the red nuclei of tegmnetum (deepest portion)

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14
Q

what is the vermis?

discuss the relationship of the vermis with the 4th ventricle?

A
  • is a verticle partition with longitudinal fibers that separates the cerebellar hemisphere
  • 4th ventricle:
    • in transverse cuts: is dorsal (posterior) to 4th ventricle
      • in coronal cuts that cuts that contain both the 4th ventricle & cerebellum: the vermis is above the 4th ventricle (shown here is a coronal cut)
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15
Q

what portion of the cerebellum contain the deep cerebellar nuclei?

which of these nuclei is normally visible?

A
  • contained within arbor vitae
  • dentate nucleus it normally visible
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16
Q

label, note impotant features

17
Q

label, note important features

A

trasnverse cut

  • note longitudinal fissure
  • very superior cut, no ventricles shown
18
Q

label, note important features

A

transverse cut

  • internal capsule making “arrowhead” shape - anterior, genu, posterior
  • note that this cut has two section of lateral ventricle - each bridged by corpus collosum
19
Q

label, note important features

A

transverse cut

  • note how in a transverse cut, the basal ganglia appear lateral to thalamus, vs in a coronal cut, basal ganglia are inferior to thalamus
  • no matter what: basal ganglia are lateral to IC, while caudate nucleus & thalamus are medial to IC
20
Q

label, note important features

A
  • note how 3rd ventricle
    • is in between the thalamus
    • sits above the hypothalamus, which is inferior to t to the thalamus, forming the floor th ediencephalon
21
Q

label picture, note important features

A

transverse cut

  • cerebral adeduct separating midbrain: tegmentum (ventral) vs tectum (dorsal)
    • `tegmnetum - sting ray structure
      • from deep / superior / posterior -> superficial / inferior / anterior
        • red nucleus
        • substantia nigra
        • crus cerebri
    • tectum - denoted by colliculi (rounded structures)
  • pons - inferior to midbrain
22
Q

label picture, note important features

A

transverse cut

  • superior cerebellar peduncle joining the red nuclei, the most dorsal & superior part of tegmentum
23
Q

label picture, note important features

A

transverse cut

  • basis pontis (pons):
    • pontine nuclei: interdigate with middle cerebral peduncle at lateral pons
    • middle cerebral peduncle: comes from arboe vitae
    • corticlospinal tracts: near ventral surface of basis pontis, tracts perpendicular to surrounding tissue (are running vertically)
  • 4th ventricle:
    • ​very narwow in the transverse cut - is ventral to vermis
    • vs in certain coronal cuts - is below vermis
24
Q

label picture, note important features

A

transverse cut

  • pons interfacing with cerebellum
    • middle peduncle - exending from arbor vitae and interfacing with pontine nuclei
    • dentate nucleus - only visible nuclei of the 4 that comprise the arbor vitae
25
Q

lable, note important features

A

transverse cut - inf pons & sup medulla?

  • pons: basis pontis connecting with middle cerebellar peduncle
  • medulla: dermarcated by inferior olive boies*
    • inferior olive bodies: ventral feature that is lateral / dorsal to pyramids
    • pyramids: made of corticospinal tracts (extending down from pons)
    • inferior cerebellar peduncle: interdigitating with medulla
26
Q

describe the layout of the features on the dorsal surface of the medulla.

A
  • superiorly:
    • gracile nuclei - medial
    • cuneate nuclei - lateral
    • accessory cuneate nuclei - lateral to cuneate
  • inferiorly:
    • spinal trigeminal nucleus - inferolateral to cuneate
27
Q

what is meant by the “closed” medulla?

list & descrbibe the features seen in the closed medulla

A

closed medulla = caudal medulla: at the level of the central canal

  • ventral:
    • pyramidal tracts (corticospinal tracts) - most ventral, extend inf beyond olive bodies
    • olive bodies - lateral to pyramidal tracts
    • inferior olive nuclei - superior to pyramids
  • dorsal:
    • gracile nuclei - medial
    • cuneate nuclei - lateral
    • accessory cuneate nuclei - lateral to cuneate
    • spinal trigeminal nucleus - inferolateral to cuneate

Neuro Exam I (15 decks)

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