ANAT 2 Neck Myology Flashcards
what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
what are the contents? (7)
The Posterior Triangle is bound by the Sternocleidomastoid M., Trapezius M. and the clavicle. The contents of the Posterior Triangle include the Levator Scapulae M., the Anterior, Middle and Posterior Scalene M., the Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid M. and the Splenius Capitus M.
what sub-triangles?
what split these triangles?
what are the contents of the triangles?
(3) (2)
The Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid M. further subdivides the Posterior Triangle into the Occipital Triangle (superior to the Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid M.) and the Supraclavicular Triangle (inferior to the Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid M.)
The contents of the Occipital Triangle include the External Jugular V., the posterior branches of the Cervical Plexus and the Transverse Cervical A. The contents of the Supraclavicular Triangle include the third part of the Subclavian A. and the Suprascapular A.
Three muscles from back?
see about this?
OIAN
Sternocleidomastoid M.
O: Sternal Head- Superoanterior surface of Manubrium Clavicular Head- Superior medial third of Clavicle
I: Mastoid Process of Temporal B. and Lateral Superior Nuchal Line
A: Laterally flex Neck and rotate Face away
N: Spinal Accessory N. (CN XI)
fibrous tissue tumor in sternocleidomastoid m?
this causes?
what can arise? this causes?
CN: Congenital Torticollis is a disorder produced by fibrous tissue tumor which forms in the Sternocleidomastoid M. which causes the head to turn and the face to look away from the affected side. A hematoma can arise and impinge on the Spinal Accessory N. which denervates the Stenocleidomastoid M.
Spasmodic torticollis?
CN: Spasmodic Torticollis: Typically an adult onset involves abnormal tonicity of the cervical muscles, usually the Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles.
OIAN
- Anterior Scalene M.
O: Transverse processes C3-6
I: Scalene Tubercle 1st rib
A: Elevate 1st Rib, flex and laterally flex Neck, rotate Face away
N: C4-6
- Middle Scalene M.
O: Transverse processes C1-7
I: 1st Rib
A: Elevate 1st Rib, laterally flex Neck
N: C3-8
- Posterior Scalene M.
O: Transverse processes C4-6
I: 2nd Rib
A: Elevate 2nd Rib, laterally flex Neck
N: C5-7
Anterior triangle of the neck
what are the borders?
what are the sub triangles? (4)
muscular contents? (8)
Anterior Triangle (anterior border: median line of the Neck, posterior border: anterior edge of the Sternocleidomastoid M., superior border: Mandible)
The muscular contents of the Anterior Triangle include the Mylohyoid M., the Geniohyoid M., the Digastric M., the Stylohyoid M., the Sternohyoid M., the Sternothyroid M., the Thyrohyoid M and the Superior Belly of the Omohyoid M.
anterior triangle contents
suprahyoid triangles?
Submental triangle?
submandibular?
contents and borders?
The Anterior Triangle is further subdivided into two suprahyoid triangles by the Hyoid B. and Posterior Belly of the Digastric M. and two infrahyoid triangles. The two suprahyoid triangles, the Submental Triangle (anterior) and the Submandibular Triangle (posterior) are separated by the Anterior Belly of the Digastric M. The contents of the Submental Triangle include the Submental A, submental lymph nodes and small veins. The contents of the Submandibular Triangle include the Submandibular Gland, Hypoglossal N., Nerve to the Mylohyoid M., and parts of the Facial A.
Submental triangle and submandibular triangle contents
The Anterior Triangle is further subdivided into two suprahyoid triangles by the Hyoid B. and Posterior Belly of the Digastric M. and two infrahyoid triangles. The two suprahyoid triangles, the Submental Triangle (anterior) and the Submandibular Triangle (posterior) are separated by the Anterior Belly of the Digastric M. The contents of the Submental Triangle include the Submental A, submental lymph nodes and small veins. The contents of the Submandibular Triangle include the Submandibular Gland, Hypoglossal N., Nerve to the Mylohyoid M., and parts of the Facial A.
The two infrahyoid triangles?
Muscular- made of? and contents?
The two Infrahyoid triangles, the Muscular Triangle (anterior) and the Carotid Triangle (posterior) are separated by the Superior Belly of the Omohyoid M. The contents of the Muscular Triangle include the Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands.
Carotid triangle
contents? (6) and some others? (10 total)
With the muscular triangle is one of the infrahyoid triangles. The contents of the Carotid Triangle include the Common Carotid A, Internal Jugular V., Vagus N., Hypoglossal N., Spinal Accessory N., the Superior root of the Ansa Cervicalis, Thyroid Gland, Larynx, Pharynx and branches of the Cervical Plexus.
The contents of the Carotid Triangle include the Common Carotid A, Internal Jugular V., Vagus N., Hypoglossal N., Spinal Accessory N., the Superior root of the Ansa Cervicalis, Thyroid Gland, Larynx, Pharynx and branches of the Cervical Plexus.
The 4 suprahyoid muscles?
OIAN
of the 4 suprahyoid muscles
M
G
S
D
Where is the Geniohyoid M?
How can you tell between posterior belly of Digastric M. and the Stylohyoid M?
What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?
for the infrahyoid muscles? (4)
OIAN
Helpful naming conventions for the infrahyoid muscles?
OIAN
location 3d (superficial/deep, thin/thick, vessel near it?)
Platysma M.
O: Inferior Border of Mandible, skin, subcutaneous fascia of lower Face
I: Fascia over Pectoralis Major M. and Deltoid M.
A: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly, draws skin of the Neck superiorly
N: Cervical branch of Facial N.
OIAN for the three muscles shown?
- Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Pterygoid Hamulus, Pterygomandibular Raphe, posterior Mylohyoid Line of Mandible, side of tongue
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx, Pharyngeal Tubercle on Occipital B.
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus
- Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Stylohyoid L., Greater and Lesser Horns of Hyoid B.
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus, plus branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Oblique Line of Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus, plus branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Pterygoid Hamulus, Pterygomandibular Raphe, posterior Mylohyoid Line of Mandible, side of tongue
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx, Pharyngeal Tubercle on Occipital B.
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus
- Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Stylohyoid L., Greater and Lesser Horns of Hyoid B.
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus, plus branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Oblique Line of Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus, plus branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
Origins and insertions of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles
think of the trend
- Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Pterygoid Hamulus, Pterygomandibular Raphe, posterior Mylohyoid Line of Mandible, side of constrictor tongue
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx, Pharyngeal Tubercle on Occipital B.
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus
- Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Stylohyoid L., Greater and Lesser Horns of Hyoid B.
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus, plus branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
O: Oblique Line of Thyroid Cartilage, Cricoid Cartilage
I: Median Raphe of Pharynx
A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus, plus branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
non constrictor pharyngeal muscles? (3)
OIAN
- Palatopharyngeus M.
O: Hard Palate and Palatine Aponeurosis
I: Lamina of Thyroid Cartilage, side of Pharynx and Esophagus
A: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus
- Salpingopharyngeus M.
O: Carilaginous part of Auditory Tube
I: Common insertion with Palatopharyngeus M.
A: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus
- Stylopharyngeus M.
O: Styloid Process of Temporal B.
I: Common insertion with Palatopharyngeus M.
A: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx
N: Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
left picture OIAN
right what is it?
Muscles on the right are other muscles coming from the styloid process
- Palatopharyngeus M.
O: Hard Palate and Palatine Aponeurosis
I: Lamina of Thyroid Cartilage, side of Pharynx and Esophagus
A: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus
- Salpingopharyngeus M.
O: Carilaginous part of Auditory Tube
I: Common insertion with Palatopharyngeus M.
A: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx
N: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N. and Pharyngeal Plexus
- Stylopharyngeus M.
O: Styloid Process of Temporal B.
I: Common insertion with Palatopharyngeus M.
A: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx
N: Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
OIAN
- Cricothyroid M.
O: Anteriolateral Cricoid Cartilage
I: Inferior edge and Inferior Horn of Thyroid Cartilage
A: Stretch and tense Vocal Fold
N: External Laryngeal N.
OIAN Posterior aspect
- Posterior Cricoarytenoid M.
O: Posterior Lamina of Cricoid Cartilage
I: Muscular Process of Arytenoid Cartilage
A: Abducts Vocal Fold
N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Transverse Arytenoid M.
O: Medial edge Arytenoid Cartilage
I: Contralateral Arytenoid Cartilage
A: Closes intercartilaginous portion of Rima Glottidis
N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Oblique Arytenoid M.
O: Medial edge Arytenoid Cartilage
I: Contralateral Arytenoid Cartilage
A: Closes intercartilaginous
N: Recurrent Laryngeal
OIAN Lateral aspect deep to?
- Lateral Cricoarytenoid M.
O: Arch of Cricoid Cartilage
I: Muscular Process of Arytenoid Cartilage
A: Adducts Vocal Fold
N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Thyroarytenoid M.
O: Posterior surface Thyroid Cartilage
I: Muscular Process of Arytenoid Cartilage
A: Relax Vocal Fold
N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.
- Vocalis M. (This is the bottom left muscle)
O: Vocal Process of Arytenoid Cartilage
I: Vocal L.
A: Relax posterior part Vocal Fold, tense anterior part Vocal Fold
N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.
Aryepiglottic M.?
OIAN
- Aryepiglottic M.
O: Epiglottis
I: Arytenoid Cartilage
A: Pulls Arytenoid Cartilages toward Epiglottis
N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.
Laryngeal Muscles actions?
Anterior vertebral column muscles
6
- Longus Colli M. (3 parts)
a. Inferior Oblique
O: Anterior portion Vertebral Bodies T1-3
I: Transverse Processes C5-6
A: Rotate Face away
N: C2-6
b. Superior Oblique
O: Transverse Processes C3-5
I: Anterior Tubercle C1
A: Laterally flex Neck
N: C2-6
c. Vertical
O: Anterior Vertebral Bodies C5-T3
I: Anterior Vertebral Bodies C3, 4
A: Flex Neck
N: C2-6
- Longus Capitis M.
O: Transverse processes C3-6
I: Basilar Occipital B.
A: Flex Head
N: C1-3
- Rectus Capitis Anterior M.
O: Transverse Process C1
I: Anterior to Occipital Condyle
A: Flex Head
N: C1-2
- Rectus Capitis Lateralis M.
O: Transverse process C1
I: Jugular Process Occipital B.
A: Laterally flex head
N: C1-2
OIAN
OIAN
- Rectus Capitis Anterior M.
O: Transverse Process C1
I: Anterior to Occipital Condyle
A: Flex Head
N: C1-2
- Rectus Capitis Lateralis M.
O: Transverse process C1
I: Jugular Process Occipital B.
A: Laterally flex head
N: C1-2
Zones of penetrating neck trauma?
1-3
what structures at risk?
what makes up that zone?
CN: Zones of Penetrating Neck Trauma: There are three Zones of Penetrating Neck Trauma divided by the Angle of the Mandible and Cricoid Cartilages. Zone I includes the Root of the Neck and the structures at risk are the Cervical Pleurae, Apices of the Lungs, Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands, Trachea, Esophagus, Common Carotid A., Jugular V. and Cervical Vertebrae. Zone II extends from the Cricoid Cartilage to the Angel of the Mandible and the structures at risk are the Laryngeal Cartilages, Larynx, Laryngopharynx, Carotid A., Jugular V., Esophagus and Cervical Vertebrae. Zone III extends from the Angle of the Mandible superiorly and the structures at risk are the Salivary Glands, Oral and Nasal Cavities and the Oro- and Nasopharynx. Injuries to Zones I and III are less common but more difficult to access. Injuries to Zone II are more common but easier to access and repair.
