ANAT 1 Neck Osteology Chondrology Arthrology

Question 1

what is this? usually a result of? results in?

Answer 1

CN: Fractures of the Hyoid B.: Typically a result of strangulation by compression of the throat. Results in depression of the Hyoid onto the Thyroid Cartilage. This results in difficulty swallowing and maintaining the separation of the alimentary and respiratory tracts.

Question 2

laryngeal cartilage fractures?

Answer 2

CN: Fractures of the Laryngeal Cartilages: Typically a result of a blow to the anterior neck in sports or compression by a seat belt in a motor vehicle accident. Results in a submucosal hemorrhage and edema, respiratory obstruction, hoarseness and in worst cases a temporary inability to speak.

Question 3

vertebral joints?

C1/C2?

intervertebral joints? what through what?

Zygapophyseal joint? what through what?

Answer 3

Vertebral Joints (C1/ C2: Compound Synovial Joint (Planar and Trochoid); Intervertebral Joints (C3-S1): Symphysis, (S5/Co1): Symphysis; Zygopophyseal Joint (C1-S1): Planar Synovial)

Question 4

Uncovertebral joint?

where is it located? type of joint?

Answer 4

HN: At the Cervical Intervertebral Joint the joint between the Uncinate Process of the inferior Vertebra and beveled inferior surface of the superior Vertebra is described as an Uncovertebral Joint (of Luschka). It is unclear whether this joint should be classified as Synovial.

Question 5

Atlanto-occipital joint

what ligaments/ membranes turn into what lower?

Answer 5

Atlantooccipital Joint (Condyloid Synovial Joint; between the Atlas and Basilar Occipital B.)

1. Anterior Atlantooccipital Membrane (from the Anterior Arch of the Atlas to the basilar Occipital B.)
2. Tectorial Membrane (from the posterior surface of the Body of the Axis to the anterior internal margin of the Foramen Magnum on the Occipital B.)
3. Posterior Atlantooccipital Membrane (from the anterior surface of the Posterior Arch of the Atlas to the posterior internal margin of the Foramen Magnum of the Occipital B.)

Question 6

Infection relative to fascia of the neck?

spread to manubrium?

to anterior thorax?

within what space?

Answer 6

CN: Spread of Infection relative to Cervical Fascia: the Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia helps prevent the spread of infection in the Neck caused by tissue destruction. Infections in the layer between the Investing Layer and the muscular part of Pretracheal Fascia will typically not spread inferior to the Manubrium of the Sternum. Infection between the Investing Layer and Visceral Pretracheal Fascia can spread all the way to the Mediastinum. Infection in the Retropharyngeal Space can also spread inferiorly into the Mediastinum and cause difficulty swallowing and speaking. Infections of the Head can also spread inferiorly into the Mediastinum traveling through the Retropharyngeal Space.

Question 7

spread of infection relative to the fascia of the neck

Danger space?

Answer 7

CN: Spread of Infection relative to Cervical Fascia: the Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia helps prevent the spread of infection in the Neck caused by tissue destruction. Infections in the layer between the Investing Layer and the muscular part of Pretracheal Fascia will typically not spread inferior to the Manubrium of the Sternum. Infection between the Investing Layer and Visceral Pretracheal Fascia can spread all the way to the Mediastinum. Infection in the Retropharyngeal Space can also spread inferiorly into the Mediastinum and cause difficulty swallowing and speaking. Infections of the Head can also spread inferiorly into the Mediastinum traveling through the Retropharyngeal Space.