Anaphylaxis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 criteria for anaphylaxis?

A

Sudden onset and rapid progression of symptoms
Life threatening AB or C problems
Skin or mucosal changes

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2
Q

What are some symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A
Feeling hot, tingling in lips, anxiety 
urticaria
wheezing, SOB
LOC, dizziness, headache, blurred vision 
metallic taste
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3
Q

What are some differential diagnosis for anaphylactic shock?

A
panic attack 
septic shock 
infection 
asthma attack
mild allergic reaction
aspiration
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4
Q

What are the symptoms of anaphlaxis by ABCDE?

A

A - airway swelling, hoarse voice, stridor
B - SOB, wheeze, confusion, tired, cyanosis, respiratory arrest
C - pale, clammy, tachycardia, hypotension, LOC, ECG changes, cardiac arrest
D - itchy, pain, N&V
E - skin changes

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5
Q

What is some pathophysiology of anaphylaxis?

A

Allergen binds to IgE which causes mast cells to release histamine, which attaches to H1 receptors causing vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

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6
Q

What is an anaphylactoid reaction?

A

not IgE mediated, but causes similar mast cell activation

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7
Q

What is the drug order for anaphylactic shock?

A
Adrenaline - every 5 mins
IV fluid challenge
Chlorphenamine 
Neb salbutamol or adrenaline 
Hydrocortisone (for 3 days afterwards)
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8
Q

What is the adult dose and route of adrenaline?

A

IM 500 micrograms

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9
Q

What blood test is dignostic of anaphylaxis?

A

mast cell tryptase

3 tests ideally - 1-2 hours after symptoms, as soon as possible after resus, 24 hours after symptoms settle down

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10
Q

How long should people be observed after anaphylactic shock?

A

4-6 hours for adults

6-10 hours for children

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11
Q

What is a biphasic reaction?

A

another reaction without second exposure to allergen
1-20% reactions
6-10 (2-72) hours

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12
Q

What increases risk of biphasic reaction?

A

more than one adrenaline shot, salbutamol to control resp symptoms, delaying adrenaline 90 mins, wide pulse pressure, hypotension

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13
Q

What should you do for follow up after an anaphylaxis reaction?

A

GP
allergy clinic
2 adrenaline auto-injector

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