Anaesthetics Flashcards
How do you find out ideal body weight for men and women?
Male = 0.9(kg) - 88 Female = 0.9(kg) - 92
How do you calculate total blood volume?
Adult - 70 mls/kg
Children - 80 mls/kg
Neonatal - 90 mls/kg
What is osmolality and osmolarity?
Osmolality - osmoles per kg of solvent
Osmolarity - osmoles per litre
What is tonicity?
ability of solution to cause water movement
What is the standard amount of fluids needed per day?
30mls/kg/day
What are the two types of fluid losses?
sensible (measurable)
insensible (losses into 3rd spaces)
What is the average amount of urine output?
0.5 ml/kg/hour
How do you calculate fluids in adults?
100mls for first 10 kg
50 mls for next 10kg
20 mls for each kg after
What are the 3 levels of analgesia and 3 examples of each?
Simple analgesia - paracetamol, ibuprofen, NSAIDs
Weak opioids - codeine, tramadol, dihydrocodeiene
Strong opioids - morphine, fentanyl, diamorphine, oxycodone, buprenorphine
How strong are codeine and tramadol in comparison to oral morphine?
1/10th as potent
Which two strong opioids have modified and immediate release? What is the difference and name the types?
Modified (12 hours) - MST, zomorph, oxycotin
Immediate (4 hours) - oromorph, seredol, oxynorm
What is the maximum PRN dose of analgesia?
1/6th of a 24 hour dose
What are some common and more rare SE of opioids?
common - constipation, nausea, sedation, dry mouth
less frequent - psychomimetic, confusion, myoclonus
Rare - allergy, respiratory depression, pruritus
What are some adjuvant analgesics?
antidepressants
antiepileptics
antispasmodics
benzos
What are the 2 types of non-invasive ventilation?
CPAP - for V/Q mismatch (T1RF) - expiratory pressure
BiPAP - for T2RF, inspiratory pressure
